A systematic review on silver nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity: Physicochemical properties and perspectives.

WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected pollutants.

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) are widely used in many fields, especially in biomedical applications Currently, many studies have investigated the biocompatibility and toxicity of GFNs in vivo and in intro Generally, GFNs may exert different degrees of toxicity in animals or cell models by following with different administration routes and penetrating through physiological barriers, subsequently being distributed in tissues or located in cells, eventually being excreted out of the bodies This review collects studies on the toxic effects of GFNs in several organs and cell models We also point out that various factors determine the toxicity of GFNs including the lateral size, surface structure, functionalization, charge, impurities, aggregations, and corona effect ect In addition, several typical mechanisms underlying GFN toxicity have been revealed, for instance, physical destruction, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis In these mechanisms, (toll-like receptors-) TLR-, transforming growth factor β- (TGF-β-) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dependent-pathways are involved in the signalling pathway network, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in these pathways In this review, we summarize the available information on regulating factors and the mechanisms of GFNs toxicity, and propose some challenges and suggestions for further investigations of GFNs, with the aim of completing the toxicology mechanisms, and providing suggestions to improve the biological safety of GFNs and facilitate their wide application

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Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms

Oral toxicity of silver ions, silver nanoparticles and colloidal silver - A review

(Intra)cellular stability of inorganic nanoparticles: effects on cytotoxicity, particle functionality, and biomedical applications.

Many consumer products used in our daily lives result in inhalation exposure to a variety of chemicals, although the toxicities of the active ingredients are not well known; furthermore, simultaneous exposure to chemical mixtures occurs. Sodium metabisulfite (SM) and propylene glycol (PG) are used in a variety of products. Both the cytotoxicity and the sub-acute inhalation toxicity of each chemical and their mixtures were evaluated. Assays for cell viability, membrane damage, and lysosome damage demonstrated that SM over 100 μg/ml induced significant cytotoxicity; moreover, when PG, which was not cytotoxic, was mixed with SM, the cytotoxicity of the mixture was enhanced. Solutions of 1, 5, and 20% SM, each with 1% PG solution, were prepared, and the whole body of rats was exposed to aerosols of the mixture for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. The rats were sacrificed 1 (exposure group) or 7 days (recovery group) after termination of the exposure. The actual concentration of SM in the low-, medium-, and high-exposure groups was 3.91 ± 1.26, 35.73 ± 6.01, and 80.98 ± 5.47 mg/m3, respectively, and the actual concentration of PG in each group was 6.47 ± 1.25, 8.68 ± 0.6, and 8.84 ± 1.77 mg/m3. The repeated exposure to SM and PG caused specific clinical signs including nasal sound, sneeze, and eye irritation which were not found in SM single exposure. In addition, the body weight of treatment group rats decreased compared to that of the control group rats in a time-dependent manner. The total protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) increased. Histopathological analysis of the lungs, liver, and nasal cavity was performed. Adverse effects were observed in the nasal cavity, with squamous cell metaplasia identified in the front of the nasal cavity in all high-exposure groups, which completely recovered 7 days after exposure was terminated. Whereas inhalation of SM for 2 weeks only reduced body weight in the high-dose group, inhalation of SM and PG mixtures for 2 weeks significantly decreased body weight and induced metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium into squamous cells in the medium- and high-dose groups. In conclusion, PG potentiated the toxicity of SM in human lung epithelial cells and the inhalation toxicity in rats.

/pdf/potentiation-of-sodium-metabisulfite-toxicity-by-propylene-4jntiaiu8q.pdf

Potentiation of Sodium Metabisulfite Toxicity by Propylene Glycol in Both in Vitro and in Vivo Systems.

Dissipation of foliar residues of diafenthiuron and its metabolites.

Combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test of silver nanoparticles

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of mixtures of citral (CTR) and either benzisothiazolinone (BIT, Mix-CTR-BIT) or triclosan (TCS, Mix-CTR-TCS) in human A549 lung epithelial cells. We investigated the effects of various mix ratios of these common air freshener ingredients on cell viability, cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and DNA damage. Mix-CTR-BIT and Mix-CTR-TCS significantly decreased the viability of lung epithelial cells and inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, both mixtures increased ROS generation, compared to that observed in control cells. In particular, cell viability, growth, and morphology were affected upon increase in the proportion of BIT or TCS in the mixture. However, comet analysis showed that treatment of cells with Mix-CTR-BIT or Mix-CTR-TCS did not increase DNA damage. Taken together, these data suggested that increasing the content of biocides in air fresheners might induce cytotoxicity, and that screening these compounds using lung epithelial cells may contribute to hazard assessment.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1934578X1300800929

Cytotoxic effects of air freshener biocides in lung epithelial cells.

In the last decade, several advancements have been made in omics technologies and they have been applied extensively in diverse research areas Especially in toxicological research, omics technology can efficiently and accurately generate relevant data on the molecular dynamics associated with adverse outcomes Toxicomics is defined as the combination of toxicology and omics technologies and encompasses toxicogenomics, toxicoproteomics, and toxicometabolomics This paper reviews the trend of applying omics technologies to evaluate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in zebrafish (D rerio) Cd is a toxic heavy metal posing several environmental concerns; however, it is being used widely in everyday life Zebrafish embryos and larvae are employed as standard models for many toxicity tests because they share 714% genetic homology with humans This study summarizes the toxicity of Cd on the nerves, liver, heart, skeleton, etc of zebrafish and introduces detailed omics techniques to understand the results of the toxicomic studies Finally, the trend of toxicity evaluation in the zebrafish model of Cd based on omics technology is presented

Pilje Kim

Papers

Potentiation of Sodium Metabisulfite Toxicity by Propylene Glycol in Both in Vitro and in Vivo Systems.

Dissipation of foliar residues of diafenthiuron and its metabolites.

Combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test of silver nanoparticles

Cytotoxic effects of air freshener biocides in lung epithelial cells.

Advantages of omics technology for evaluating cadmium toxicity in zebrafish.