There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Intermolecular And Surface Forces

Nonlinear Oscillations: Exact Solutions and their Approximations

https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/126683921/Edited_sudagar_R1.pdf

Electroless nickel, alloy, composite and nano coatings – A critical review

Parametric Optimization of EDM Process Parameters Using Grey Relational Analysis for Multiple Performance Characteristics

Tribo-Mechanical Characterisation of Borohydride Reduced Ni–B–W Coatings

In current investigation, effects of incorporation of varying amount of graphite nanoparticles on abrasive wear behavior of AZ31-WC nanocomposites are examined. AZ31-WC-Gr hybrid nanocomposites are developed using ultrasonic vibration associated stir casting technique. Developed hybrid nanocomposites are characterized using optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compositions of hybrid nanocomposites are investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Characterization results disclose that reinforcement particles are uniformly distributed in AZ31 matrix. Compositional analysis confirms fortification of reinforcements. Microhardness values of developed hybrid nanocomposites are examined through microhardness tests. Abrasive wear behavior of AZ31 alloy and AZ31-WC-Graphite nanocomposites are investigated for varying sliding distance and varying abrasive grit size in a pin-on-disc tribotester. Abrasive wear tests disclose that incorporation of only 1 wt. % of graphite nanoparticles enhances wear resistance significantly. AZ31-2WC-1Graphite nanocomposite is found to be the most wear resistant material for all experimental conditions. Worn surfaces are scrutinized under SEM and EDS to reveal worn morphology. Investigation of worn surfaces discloses that abrasion and oxidation are main wear mechanism for AZ31-2WC-1Graphite nanocomposite tested at 50 mm track diameter and 800 grit.

/pdf/fabrication-and-investigation-of-abrasive-wear-behavior-of-2po8kh2q.pdf

Fabrication and Investigation of Abrasive Wear Behavior of AZ31-WC-Graphite Hybrid Nanocomposites

Electroless nickel composite coatings are developed by incorporating soft/hard particles into Ni-P coatings, to improve mechanical as well as tribological properties. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of various coating process parameters on the corrosion behavior of Ni–P–Al 2O3 composite coating deposited on mild steel substrate. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test is used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the heat treated composite coatings at various annealing temperatures (300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C). Corrosion properties, charge transfer resistance ( Rct ) and double layer capacitance ( Cdl ), are optimized using Taguchi based grey relational analysis to improve the corrosion resistance of the coating. Concentration of nickel source, concentration of reducing agent, concentration of alumina particles and annealing temperature, are considered as a main design factor for optimization of electrochemical properties. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to find out the optimum combination of coating process parameters. From ANOVA result, it is found that the concentration of Al 2O3 particles and annealing temperature have significant influence on the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings. Concentration of reducing agent has moderate influence on the corrosion resistance. Surface morphology of the coated surface is studied using SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and chemical composition of the coating is studied using EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis). The XRD (X–ray diffraction analysis) is used to understand the phase transformation behavior of the composite coatings.

/pdf/effect-of-process-parameters-on-corrosion-resistance-of-ni-p-4k1y4vznga.pdf

Effect of Process Parameters on Corrosion Resistance of Ni-P-Al 2O3 Composite Coatings Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Electroless nickel (EN) deposits are classified as aneff icient class of coatings used mainly to enhance the surface performance characteristics of a range of substrates. Electroless coating differs from conventi onal electrolytic coating on the basis of uniform deposition, coating of nonconductive materials and operation without the aid of electricity. Severali nvestigations devoted to the engineering facetsof EN and their technologies along with the applications have been published. Co-deposition of inert elements such as silicon carbide, Teflon or boron improved the mechanical properties of EN deposits. Furthermore, introduction of a third element (forming alloy of Ni-P-X/Ni -B-X; X=Cu, W, Mo, Sn, etc.) is also found to enhance the c oating performance.The improvementin tribological featuresdone with modification of the bath formulation and the coatingp rocedurehas persisted as a key research interest in investigators. Application of coating in high temperature field again reveals the softening of the material and deterioration in the wear resistant activity causing the shortening of life of the component. In brief, the performance of EN depends upon various process parameters, composition, heat treatment, operating temperature, etc. In the present work, an effort has been made to review the properties of EN coating at el evated temperature. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd . Selection and peer -review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of GCMM 2014.

Prasanta Sahoo

Papers

Parametric Optimization of EDM Process Parameters Using Grey Relational Analysis for Multiple Performance Characteristics

Tribo-Mechanical Characterisation of Borohydride Reduced Ni–B–W Coatings

Fabrication and Investigation of Abrasive Wear Behavior of AZ31-WC-Graphite Hybrid Nanocomposites

Effect of Process Parameters on Corrosion Resistance of Ni-P-Al 2O3 Composite Coatings Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

12th GLOBAL CONGRESS ON MANUFACTURING AND MANAGEMENT, GCMM 2014 Properties of electroless nick el at elevated temperature-a review