Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials.

http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~mojtaba/elec6271/silver%20nanoparticles.pdf

Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities.

Here, we present a review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials, including proposed antibacterial mechanisms and possible toxicity to higher organisms. For purpose of this review, silver nanomaterials include silver nanoparticles, stabilized silver salts, silver–dendrimer, polymer and metal oxide composites, and silver-impregnated zeolite and activated carbon materials. While there is some evidence that silver nanoparticles can directly damage bacteria cell membranes, silver nanomaterials appear to exert bacteriocidal activity predominantly through release of silver ions followed (individually or in combination) by increased membrane permeability, loss of the proton motive force, inducing de-energization of the cells and efflux of phosphate, leakage of cellular content, and disruption DNA replication. Eukaryotic cells could be similarly impacted by most of these mechanisms and, indeed, a small but growing body of literature supports this concern. Most antimicrobial studies are performed in simple aquatic media or cell culture media without proper characterization of silver nanomaterial stability (aggregation, dissolution, and re-precipitation). Silver nanoparticle stability is governed by particle size, shape, and capping agents as well as solution pH, ionic strength, specific ions and ligands, and organic macromolecules—all of which influence silver nanoparticle stability and bioavailability. Although none of the studies reviewed definitively proved any immediate impacts to human health or the environment by a silver nanomaterial containing product, the entirety of the science reviewed suggests some caution and further research are warranted given the already widespread and rapidly growing use of silver nanomaterials.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11051-010-9900-y.pdf

A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment

The purpose of this critical review is to give a representative and comprehensive overview of the arising developments in the field of magnetic metal–organic frameworks, in particular those containing cobalt(II). We examine the diversity of magnetic exchange interactions between nearest-neighbour moment carriers, covering from dimers to oligomers and discuss their implications in infinite chains, layers and networks, having a variety of topologies. We progress to the different forms of short-range magnetic ordering, giving rise to single-molecule-magnets and single-chain-magnets, to long-range ordering of two- and three-dimensional networks (323 references).

Magnetic metal-organic frameworks.

Although known since the late 19th century, organic–inorganic perovskites have recently received extraordinary research community attention because of their unique physical properties, which make them promising candidates for application in photovoltaic (PV) and related optoelectronic devices. This review will explore beyond the current focus on three-dimensional (3-D) lead(II) halide perovskites, to highlight the great chemical flexibility and outstanding potential of the broader class of 3-D and lower dimensional organic-based perovskite family for electronic, optical, and energy-based applications as well as fundamental research. The concept of a multifunctional organic–inorganic hybrid, in which the organic and inorganic structural components provide intentional, unique, and hopefully synergistic features to the compound, represents an important contemporary target.

Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: Structural Versatility for Functional Materials Design

Additively manufactured polymeric products for automotive, aerospace, and biomedical applications are usually intended for service in an outdoor environment with high mechanical loading conditions. The strength and sustainability of the products can be significantly degraded due to the outdoor environmental conditions such as UV light, moisture, heat, and so forth. In this research work, a novel weather-resistant polymer (WRP) material, that is, acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), has been studied. Furthermore, this work aims to study the effect of process parameters and enhance the strength of WRP (ASA) specimens using the FFF process. The optimized process parameters, that is, build orientation (BO), extrusion temperature (ET), layer thickness (LT), and printing speed (PS), were identified based on the tensile and flexural strength using the Taguchi technique and statistical analysis. The best tensile and flexural strengths for the specimen were achieved at both orientations (XYZ and ZXY) TS: 255°C ET, 0.14 mm LT, 50 mm/s PS; and FS: 245°C ET, 0.28 mm LT, 50 mm/s PS, respectively. Regression model was developed to investigate the correlation between the process parameters with tensile and flexural strength. A validation test confirmed the findings, and the error between the actual and predicted values is less than ±10%. 

Optimization of fused filament fabrication process parameters for mechanical responses of weather‐resistant polymer (acrylonitrile styrene acrylate)

Secondary metabolites shielding plant against confluence of environmental factors

Peptide mass was calculated for E.coli and A. thaliana for peptide mass analysis and characterization of common enzymes according to same EC number in common metabolic pathways of E.coli and A. thaliana. Citrate pathway shows 5 enzymes of E.coli and 3 enzymes of A.thaliana with same E.C.no. Glycolysis pathway shows 5 enzymes of E.coli and 4 enzymes of A.thaliana. Pyruvate pathway gives the information about the 5 enzymes of E.coli and 3 enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana having similarities. Galactose pathway has 5 enzymes of E.coli and 4 enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana with common E.C.no. Methane pathway shows 5 enzymes of E.coli and 4 enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana having similarities according to E.C.no .Nucleotide sugar pathway gives the information of 5 enzymes of E.coli and 4 enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana which shares common E.C.no. Urea pathway has 5 enzymes of E.coli and 4 enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana which are common. Pentose phosphate pathway shares 5 enzymes of E.coli and 3 enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Riboflavin pathway shows 5 enzymes of E.coli and 3 enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana having same E.C.no. Carboxilate pathway shows the similarities of common enzymes of 4 of E.coli and 3 of Arabidopsis thaliana between them.

Analysis of Peptide Mass for Characterization of Common Enzymes in Shared Pathways of Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana

A zinc titanate reactive adsorbent comprising multiphase, polycrystalline nanofibers comprising ZnTiO 3 , ZnO, TiO 2 , and Zn 2 TiO 4 .

Prashant Jain

Papers

Optimization of fused filament fabrication process parameters for mechanical responses of weather‐resistant polymer (acrylonitrile styrene acrylate)

Secondary metabolites shielding plant against confluence of environmental factors

Analysis of Peptide Mass for Characterization of Common Enzymes in Shared Pathways of Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana

Process for producing a regenerable oxide-based adsorbent

Tailoring Coil Geometry for Achieving Uniform Heating Through Coil Shape Optimization for Induction Heating-Based Metal Wire Additive Manufacturing