Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials.

http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~mojtaba/elec6271/silver%20nanoparticles.pdf

Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities.

Here, we present a review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials, including proposed antibacterial mechanisms and possible toxicity to higher organisms. For purpose of this review, silver nanomaterials include silver nanoparticles, stabilized silver salts, silver–dendrimer, polymer and metal oxide composites, and silver-impregnated zeolite and activated carbon materials. While there is some evidence that silver nanoparticles can directly damage bacteria cell membranes, silver nanomaterials appear to exert bacteriocidal activity predominantly through release of silver ions followed (individually or in combination) by increased membrane permeability, loss of the proton motive force, inducing de-energization of the cells and efflux of phosphate, leakage of cellular content, and disruption DNA replication. Eukaryotic cells could be similarly impacted by most of these mechanisms and, indeed, a small but growing body of literature supports this concern. Most antimicrobial studies are performed in simple aquatic media or cell culture media without proper characterization of silver nanomaterial stability (aggregation, dissolution, and re-precipitation). Silver nanoparticle stability is governed by particle size, shape, and capping agents as well as solution pH, ionic strength, specific ions and ligands, and organic macromolecules—all of which influence silver nanoparticle stability and bioavailability. Although none of the studies reviewed definitively proved any immediate impacts to human health or the environment by a silver nanomaterial containing product, the entirety of the science reviewed suggests some caution and further research are warranted given the already widespread and rapidly growing use of silver nanomaterials.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11051-010-9900-y.pdf

A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment

The purpose of this critical review is to give a representative and comprehensive overview of the arising developments in the field of magnetic metal–organic frameworks, in particular those containing cobalt(II). We examine the diversity of magnetic exchange interactions between nearest-neighbour moment carriers, covering from dimers to oligomers and discuss their implications in infinite chains, layers and networks, having a variety of topologies. We progress to the different forms of short-range magnetic ordering, giving rise to single-molecule-magnets and single-chain-magnets, to long-range ordering of two- and three-dimensional networks (323 references).

Magnetic metal-organic frameworks.

Although known since the late 19th century, organic–inorganic perovskites have recently received extraordinary research community attention because of their unique physical properties, which make them promising candidates for application in photovoltaic (PV) and related optoelectronic devices. This review will explore beyond the current focus on three-dimensional (3-D) lead(II) halide perovskites, to highlight the great chemical flexibility and outstanding potential of the broader class of 3-D and lower dimensional organic-based perovskite family for electronic, optical, and energy-based applications as well as fundamental research. The concept of a multifunctional organic–inorganic hybrid, in which the organic and inorganic structural components provide intentional, unique, and hopefully synergistic features to the compound, represents an important contemporary target.

Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: Structural Versatility for Functional Materials Design

The field experiment was conducted during Rabi Season 2021-22 at field experimental centre at Genetics and Plant Breeding Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments including control which were replicated thrice. The treatments were as follows, TO- Control, T1, T2, T3- Rhizobium - 10%, 15%, 20%, T4, T5, T6-Azospirullum – 5%, 10%, 15%, and T7, T8, T9-Gibberellic acid (GA3)-50ppm, 75ppm, 100 ppm, T10, T11, T12- NAA -10 ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm respectively. The experiment results revealed that seeds treated with T9-Gibberellic Acid-100% ppm gave better results followed by T3-Rhizobium@ 20% and T12-NAA @20 ppm than other treatments viz, Field emergence (80.06), Plant height (94.75cm), Days to 50% flowering (68.71), Days to Maturity (120.98), number of branches per plant (7.24), number of pods per plant (20.86), number of seeds per pod (4.55), seed yield per plant (17.44 g), Seed yield per plot (269.61  grams), Biological yield (50.78 grams), Seed index (23.91), Harvest index (34.24%) were recorded significantly higher compared to other treatments.

Influence of Pre Sowing Seed Treatments with Biofertilizers and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing traits of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Var. Rachna

Knowledge management technology is used to collaborative integration of multiple forms of spatial knowledge in support of collaborative community planning The knowledge management system included a customized user interface for data entry One of the most widely uses of photogrammetry are in preparation of topographic maps In modern time photogrammetric operations are commonly used to produce a range of GIS data products The satellite imagery information as satellite images (Landsat, SPOT, JERS, Corona etc) and products(DEM, GCP, land cover map etc) using satellite images and other primitive sources in remote sensing Remote sensing is a technique to observe the earth surface or the atmosphere from out of space using satellites or from the air using aircrafts The recent advantage of Geographic Information Systems and Global Positioning Systems has created an effective means by which the acquired data are analyzed for the effective development and mapping of temporal dynamics of glaciers The main purpose of this paper is to discuss using areas and contribution potentials of knowledge management in geoinformatics

/pdf/role-of-knowledge-management-in-geoinformatics-1ri2gsms91.pdf

Role of knowledge management in Geoinformatics

Duodenal atresia with bile-duct anomaly

A Rare Case of Neonatal Oral Tumor.

Background: Blood D-lactate levels increase in short bowel syndrome (SBS) and may lead to neurological manifestations. Clinical Description: A 5-year-old boy, postoperative case of SBS, presented with loose stools, generalized weakness, and lethargy for 2 days. The child had undergone significant intestinal resection in the past. On examination, he had some dehydration, and was drowsy, but arousable. Remaining examination was normal. Metabolic abnormalities detected included metabolic acidosis (pH of 7.1, HCO3 7 mmol/L), high anion gap (20 mmol/l), and normal lactate levels (2 mmol/L). Other baseline investigations were normal. He was treated as a case of acute gastroenteritis with some dehydration and metabolic acidosis and improved. He was discharged after 5 days. After 2 months, he was readmitted with drowsiness and unsteady gait. This time there was no diarrhea or dehydration. Investigations again revealed severe metabolic acidosis, high anion gap, and normal lactate levels. Management: We considered SBS induced D-lactate encephalopathy but were unable to prove it by assay due to unavailability of tests. The child was kept nil per orally and given bicarbonate infusion, on which he showed dramatic improvement. He was also given a low carbohydrate diet and oral metronidazole. The family was counseled at discharge 5 days later regarding dietary modifications and microsupplementation. The patient had 6 admissions for D-lactic encephalopathy over 4 years that coincided with dietary lapse. Conclusion: D-lactate acidosis is an underrecognized condition and its diagnosis and management is challenging. A high index of suspicion should be kept in patients with history of intestinal resection presenting with acute encephalopathy and unexplained metabolic acidosis. 

Prashant Jain

Papers

Influence of Pre Sowing Seed Treatments with Biofertilizers and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing traits of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Var. Rachna

Role of knowledge management in Geoinformatics

Duodenal atresia with bile-duct anomaly

A Rare Case of Neonatal Oral Tumor.

An unusual cause of acute encephalopathy: D-lactic acidosis secondary to short bowel syndrome