Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials.

http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~mojtaba/elec6271/silver%20nanoparticles.pdf

Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities.

Here, we present a review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials, including proposed antibacterial mechanisms and possible toxicity to higher organisms. For purpose of this review, silver nanomaterials include silver nanoparticles, stabilized silver salts, silver–dendrimer, polymer and metal oxide composites, and silver-impregnated zeolite and activated carbon materials. While there is some evidence that silver nanoparticles can directly damage bacteria cell membranes, silver nanomaterials appear to exert bacteriocidal activity predominantly through release of silver ions followed (individually or in combination) by increased membrane permeability, loss of the proton motive force, inducing de-energization of the cells and efflux of phosphate, leakage of cellular content, and disruption DNA replication. Eukaryotic cells could be similarly impacted by most of these mechanisms and, indeed, a small but growing body of literature supports this concern. Most antimicrobial studies are performed in simple aquatic media or cell culture media without proper characterization of silver nanomaterial stability (aggregation, dissolution, and re-precipitation). Silver nanoparticle stability is governed by particle size, shape, and capping agents as well as solution pH, ionic strength, specific ions and ligands, and organic macromolecules—all of which influence silver nanoparticle stability and bioavailability. Although none of the studies reviewed definitively proved any immediate impacts to human health or the environment by a silver nanomaterial containing product, the entirety of the science reviewed suggests some caution and further research are warranted given the already widespread and rapidly growing use of silver nanomaterials.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11051-010-9900-y.pdf

A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment

The purpose of this critical review is to give a representative and comprehensive overview of the arising developments in the field of magnetic metal–organic frameworks, in particular those containing cobalt(II). We examine the diversity of magnetic exchange interactions between nearest-neighbour moment carriers, covering from dimers to oligomers and discuss their implications in infinite chains, layers and networks, having a variety of topologies. We progress to the different forms of short-range magnetic ordering, giving rise to single-molecule-magnets and single-chain-magnets, to long-range ordering of two- and three-dimensional networks (323 references).

Magnetic metal-organic frameworks.

Although known since the late 19th century, organic–inorganic perovskites have recently received extraordinary research community attention because of their unique physical properties, which make them promising candidates for application in photovoltaic (PV) and related optoelectronic devices. This review will explore beyond the current focus on three-dimensional (3-D) lead(II) halide perovskites, to highlight the great chemical flexibility and outstanding potential of the broader class of 3-D and lower dimensional organic-based perovskite family for electronic, optical, and energy-based applications as well as fundamental research. The concept of a multifunctional organic–inorganic hybrid, in which the organic and inorganic structural components provide intentional, unique, and hopefully synergistic features to the compound, represents an important contemporary target.

Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: Structural Versatility for Functional Materials Design

Ossification in uterine leiomyoma is exceedingly rare and is an example of heterotopic bone formation. This generally occurs in long-standing leiomyomas with other degenerative changes like hyalinization and calcification. In our study of 900 cases the most common degenerative change seen was hyaline degeneration (70%) and only 5 cases (0.55%) showed changes of ossification. This secondary change of ossification could be due to ignorance of the patients with late reporting to the gynaecologist in the Indian subcontinent.

/pdf/ossification-in-uterine-leiomyomas-22edxgdun9.pdf

Ossification In Uterine Leiomyomas

The knowledge management system included a customized user interface for data. A geographic information system enables us to view, analyze and understand multiple geographically referenced data. It provides us with location based information on like-vegetation, roads, villages, town, cities, or water supplies. GIS is often used for explaining events, predicting outcomes, and planning strategies. Remote sensing is the measurement of the earth using sensors on airplanes or satellites this provide a repetitive consistent view of earth, facilitating the ability to monitor the earth system and the effect of human activities on earth. Remote sensed imagery is integrated within a GIS environment. The combination of the two gives us extensive geographical knowledge. We can apply this knowledge to the way we design and develop the project. An excellent tool that is increasingly important in the detection, description, quantification and monitoring environmental changes is Remote Sensing, which, in combination with geographic information systems and fieldwork, is an effective management tool. In this paper, fusion of knowledge management for sustainable development of GIS and remote sensing for land management is reviewed, and the potential of new satellite systems to contribute to sustainable development is explored. Other elements for successful sustainable development are then compared and contrasted with information requirements.

Fusion of Knowledge Management for Sustainable Development of GIS & Remote Sensing

Computational methods like classification and network-based algorithms can be used to understand the mode of action and the efficacy of a given compound and to help elucidating the patho-physiology of a disease. In the pharmacological industry there has already been a shift from symptomatic oriented drugs that can relieve the symptoms but not the cause of the disease to pathology-based drugs whose targets are the genes and proteins involved in the etiology of the disease. Drugs targeting the affected pathway have thus the potential to become therapeutic. A network approach to drug design would examine the effect of drugs in the context of a network of relevant protein regulatory metabolic interactions resulting in the development of a drug that would hit multiple targets selected in such a way as to decrease network integrity and so completely disrupt the functioning of the network. The screening of a compound to quickly identify the proteins it interacts with gives us all the necessary tools to identify and repair the deregulated biological pathway causing the disease.

Innovation of System Biological Approach in Computational Drug Discovery

ABSTRACT Fused filament fabrication is one of the 3D printing processes, which deposits semi-molten thermoplastic material according to the computer-aided design (CAD) model in a layer-by-layer manner. The process is suitable for rapid tooling and prototyping applications. Due to the advancement in printable materials, the FFF parts also utilised for direct end-use applications. The process is economical compared to other polymer-based 3D printing processes. However, the process lacks surface integrity. This leads to the need for post-processing the printed parts in order to effectively utilise the process. The present paper investigates the effect of treating the FFF specimens by the solvent and heat treatment route. The methodology utilises a controlled exposure of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) parts to nanomaterial mixed solvent. The effect of post-treatment on surface roughness and surface hardness was investigated. It was found that treating the 3D parts by the proposed methodology can effectively reduce the surface roughness and increase its hardness. This can aid in broadening the application domain of the FFF processed parts.

Effect of chemical and heat treatment on 3D printed parts: nanoparticles embedment approach

India is a rising financially viable country where agriculture forms the backbone of Indian economy. This work focused on the challenger and opportunities for using several forms of bioinformatics to improving orphan crops in India. Orphan crops are of different types as underutilized crops, lost-crops, or disadvantaged-crops. They all refers to a group of crops that are vital to economy or developing countries due to their suitability to the agro-ecology and socio-economic circumstances, excluding stay behind largely unimproved because of less attention has been given by the world scientific community. In order to boost yield crops, food production and achieve food and nutrition security in India bioinformatics provide a more unified understanding of biology of agricultural plants. Application of bioinformatics tools in biological research enables storage space, reclamation, investigation, annotation and visualization of results and promotes better understanding of biological organization. Bioinformatics platforms and their connected databases are also essential for the valuable aim of approaches making the best use of genomic resources. Bioinformatics services is one among which is helping the farmers to understand the contemporary farming methods, availability of agriculture inputs, irrigational sources, availability of pesticide and fertilizers for escalating the production and efficiency of crops. The goal of bioinformatics is to understand the genetic and molecular origin of all biological processes in agricultural plants that are relevant to the species.

Prashant Jain

Papers

Ossification In Uterine Leiomyomas

Fusion of Knowledge Management for Sustainable Development of GIS & Remote Sensing

Innovation of System Biological Approach in Computational Drug Discovery

Effect of chemical and heat treatment on 3D printed parts: nanoparticles embedment approach

Importance of bioinformatics for development of neglected and underutilized (Orphan) crops in India