Articular cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering techniques: Recent advances and challenges.

With the thriving of mussel-inspired polyphenol chemistry as well as the demand for low-cost analogues to polydopamine in adhesive design, tannic acid has gradually become a research focus because of its wide availability, health benefits and special chemical properties. As a natural building block, tannic acid could be used as a crosslinker either supramolecularly or chemically, ensuring versatile functional polymeric networks for various applications. Up to now, a systematic summary on tannic-acid-based networks has still been waiting for an update and outlook. In this review, the common features of tannic acid are summarized in detail, followed by the introduction of covalent and non-covalent crosslinking methods leading to various tannic-acid-based materials. Moreover, recent progress in the application of tannic acid composites is also summarized, including bone regeneration, skin adhesives, wound dressings, drug loading and photothermal conversion. Above all, we also provide further prospects concerning tannic-acid-crosslinked materials.

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Tannic acid: a crosslinker leading to versatile functional polymeric networks: a review

Release of VEGF and BMP9 from injectable alginate based composite hydrogel for treatment of myocardial infarction

Marginal sealing around integral bilayer scaffolds for repairing osteochondral defects based on photocurable silk hydrogels.

An all-silk-derived functional nanosphere matrix for sequential biomolecule delivery and in situ osteochondral regeneration

Backgroud Tissue engineering using cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules can promote the repair and regeneration of injured tissues. Copper is an essential element for the human body that is involved in many physiological activities and in recent years, copper has been used increasingly in tissue engineering. Methods The current advances of copper-based biomaterial for bone and cartilage tissue engineering were searched on PubMed and Web of Science. Results Various forms of copper-based biomaterials, including pure copper, copper ions, copper nanoparticles, copper oxides, and copper alloy are introduced. The incorporation of copper into base materials provides unique properties, resulting in tuneable porosity, mechanical strength, degradation, and crosslinking of scaffolds. Copper also shows promising biological performance in cell migration, cell adhesion, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, and antibacterial activities. In vivo applications of copper for bone and cartilage tissue engineering are discussed. Conclusion This review focuses on copper’s physiochemical and biological effects, and its applications in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. The potential limitations and future perspectives are also discussed. Translational potential of this article This review introduces the recent advances in copper-based biomaterial for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. This revie could guide researchers to apply copper in biomaterials, improving the generation of bone and cartilages, decrease the possibility of infection and shorten the recovery time so as to decrease medical costs.

Copper-based biomaterials for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

Tannic acid-mediated dual peptide-functionalized scaffolds to direct stem cell behavior and osteochondral regeneration

Enzymatically crosslinked silk-nanosilicate reinforced hydrogel with dual-lineage bioactivity for osteochondral tissue engineering

The development of a biomimetic scaffold designed to provide a native extracellular matrix (ECM)-like microenvironment is a potential strategy for cartilage repair. The ECM in native articular cartilage is structurally composed of three different architectural zones, i.e., horizontally aligned, randomly arranged, and vertically aligned collagen fibers. However, the effects of scaffolds with these three different ECM-like architectures on in vivo cartilage regeneration are not clear. In this study, we aim to systematically investigate and compare their in situ inductive regenerative efficacy on cartilage defects. ECM-mimetic silk fibroin scaffolds with horizontally aligned, vertically aligned, and random pore architectures are fabricated using the controlled directional freezing technique. All of these scaffolds exhibit similar pore area, swelling ratio, and in vitro degradation behavior. Nevertheless, the aligned scaffolds have a higher pore aspect ratio and hydrophilicity, and increase the proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. When implanted into rabbit osteochondral defects, the scaffold with vertically aligned pore architectures provides a more cell-favorable microenvironment conducive to endogenous BMSCs than other scaffolds and supports the simultaneous regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone. These findings indicate that scaffolds with vertically aligned ECM-like architectures serve as an effective cell-free and growth factor-free scaffold for enhanced endogenous osteochondral regeneration.

Qingqiang Yao

Papers

An all-silk-derived functional nanosphere matrix for sequential biomolecule delivery and in situ osteochondral regeneration

Copper-based biomaterials for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

Tannic acid-mediated dual peptide-functionalized scaffolds to direct stem cell behavior and osteochondral regeneration

Enzymatically crosslinked silk-nanosilicate reinforced hydrogel with dual-lineage bioactivity for osteochondral tissue engineering

Cell-Free Biomimetic Scaffold with Cartilage Extracellular Matrix-Like Architectures for In Situ Inductive Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects.