Clarivate Analytics’s Web of Science (WoS) is the world’s leading scientific citation search and analytical information platform. It is used as both a research tool supporting a broad array of scientific tasks across diverse knowledge domains as well as a dataset for large-scale data-intensive studies. WoS has been used in thousands of published academic studies over the past 20 years. It is also the most enduring commercial legacy of Eugene Garfield. Despite the central position WoS holds in contemporary research, the quantitative impact of WoS has not been previously examined by rigorous scientific studies. To better understand how this key piece of Eugene Garfield’s heritage has contributed to science, we investigated the ways in which WoS (and associated products and features) is mentioned in a sample of 19,478 English-language research and review papers published between 1997 and 2017, as indexed in WoS databases. We offered descriptive analyses of the distribution of the papers across countries, institutions and knowledge domains. We also used natural language processingtechniques to identify the verbs and nouns in the abstracts of these papers that are grammatically connected to WoS-related phrases. This is the first study to empirically investigate the documentation of the use of the WoS platform in published academic papers in both scientometric and linguistic terms.

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Web of Science use in published research and review papers 1997–2017: a selective, dynamic, cross-domain, content-based analysis

Engineered nanomaterials have been extensively employed as therapeutics for tumor management. Meanwhile, the complex tumor niche along with multiple barriers at the cellular level collectively hinders the action of nanomedicines. Here, the advanced strategies that hold promise for overcoming the numerous biological barriers facing nanomedicines are summarized. Starting from tumor entry, methods that promote tissue penetration of nanomedicine and address the hypoxia issue are also highlighted. Then, emphasis is given to the significance of overcoming both physical barriers, such as membrane-associated efflux pumps, and biological features, such as resistance to apoptosis. The pros and cons for an individual approach are presented. In addition, the associated technical problems are discussed, along with the importance of balancing the therapeutic merits and the additional cost of sophisticated nanomedicine designs.

Recent Advances in Nanostrategies Capable of Overcoming Biological Barriers for Tumor Management.

The rapid knowledge growth of nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology enables and promotes the emergence of distinctive disease-specific therapeutic modalities, among which nanomedicine-enabled/augmented nanodynamic therapy (NDT), as triggered by either exogenous or endogenous activators on nanosensitizers, can generate reactive radicals for accomplishing efficient disease nanotherapies with mitigated side effects and endowed disease specificity As one of the most representative modalities of NDT, traditional light-activated photodynamics suffers from the critical and unsurmountable issues of the low tissue-penetration depth of light and the phototoxicity of the photosensitizers To overcome these obstacles, versatile nanomedicine-enabled/augmented NDTs have been explored for satisfying varied biomedical applications, which strongly depend on the physicochemical properties of the involved nanomedicines and nanosensitizers These distinctive NDTs refer to sonodynamic therapy (SDT), thermodynamic therapy (TDT), electrodynamic therapy (EDT), piezoelectric dynamic therapy (PZDT), pyroelectric dynamic therapy (PEDT), radiodynamic therapy (RDT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) Herein, the critical roles, functions, and biological effects of nanomedicine (eg, sonosensitizing, photothermal-converting, electronic, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, radiation-sensitizing, and catalytic properties) for enabling the therapeutic procedure of NDTs, are highlighted and discussed, along with the underlying therapeutic principle and optimization strategy for augmenting disease-therapeutic efficacy and biosafety The present challenges and critical issues on the clinical translations of NDTs are also discussed and clarified

Emerging Nanomedicine-Enabled/Enhanced Nanodynamic Therapies beyond Traditional Photodynamics.

Arsenical drugs have achieved hallmark success in treating patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, but expanding their clinical utility to solid tumors has proven difficult with the contradiction between the therapeutic efficacy and the systemic toxicity. Here, leveraging efforts from materials science, biocompatible PEGylated arsenene nanodots (AsNDs@PEG) with high monoelemental arsenic purity that can selectively and effectively treat solid tumors are synthesized. The intrinsic selective killing effect of AsNDs@PEG is closely related to high oxidative stress in tumor cells, which leads to an activated valence-change of arsenic (from less toxic As0 to severely toxic oxidation states), followed by decreased superoxide dismutase activity and massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These effects occur selectively within cancer cells, causing mitochondrial damage, cell-cycle arrest, and DNA damage. Moreover, AsNDs@PEG when applied in a multi-drug combination strategy with β-elemene, a plant-derived anticancer drug, achieves synergistic antitumor outcomes, and its newly discovered on-demand photothermal properties facilitate the elimination of the tumors without recurrence, potentially further expanding its clinical utility. In line of the practicability for a large-scale fabrication and negligible systemic toxicity of AsNDs@PEG (even at high doses and with repetitive administration), a new-concept arsenical drug with high therapeutic efficacy for selective solid tumor therapy is provided.

Arsenene Nanodots with Selective Killing Effects and their Low-Dose Combination with ß-Elemene for Cancer Therapy

There are acknowledged risks of metastasis of cancer cells and obstructing cancer treatment from hypoxia. In this work, we design a multifunctional nanocomposite for treating hypoxia based on the oxygen release capability of CuO triggered by microwave (MW). Core–shell CuO@ZrO2 nanocomposites are prepared by confining CuO nanoparticles within the cavities of mesoporous ZrO2 hollow nanospheres. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IL) is loaded to the CuO@ZrO2 nanocomposites for improving microwave thermal therapy (MWTT). 1-Tetradecanol (PCM) is introduced to regulate the release of chemotherapeutic drugs of doxorubicin (DOX). Thus, the IL-DOX-PCM-CuO@ZrO2 multifunctional (IDPC@Zr) nanocomposites are obtained. Finally, IDPC@Zr nanocomposites are modified by monomethoxy polyethylene glycol sulfhydryl (mPEG-SH, 5 kDa) (IDPC@Zr-PEG nanocomposites). IDPC@Zr-PEG nanocomposites can produce oxygen in the tumor microenvironment during the course of tumor treatment, thereby alleviating the hypoxic state ...

Oxygen Production of Modified Core–Shell CuO@ZrO2 Nanocomposites by Microwave Radiation to Alleviate Cancer Hypoxia for Enhanced Chemo-Microwave Thermal Therapy

Although microwave ablation is widely used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, it is only recommended for the therapy of cancer with a diameter of 3 cm or less because of the limited heat transmission radius. Mitochondria play an important role in the apoptotic events of tumor cells. Here, we developed mitochondria-targeting zirconia (ZrO2) complex nanoparticles (MZCNs) as nanoagents for efficient cancer therapy by microwave ablation. The MZCNs are composed of ZrO2 nanoparticles encapsulating the microwave-sensitive ionic liquid (IL) and co-decorated with the mitochondria-targeting molecule of triphenylphosphonium (TPP), and the tumor cell-targeting peptide iRGD. The cell experiment results reveal that the amount of MZCNs accumulated in the tumor is obviously increased by the synergistically targeted delivery of TPP and iRGD peptide after administration by intravenous injection. Besides, the in vitro experiments demonstrate that MZCNs are distributed preferentially in the mitochondria with the assistance of TPP molecules. More importantly, the in vivo experiments in mice administered with MZCNs show that the effective area with a temperature above 42 °C was about 2.8-fold larger than that of the controls due to the targeting effect and better microwave sensitivity of the MZCNs. As such, the cancer in mice can be eradicated without recurrence, demonstrating the MZCNs as promising nanoagents for efficient cancer therapy by microwave ablation.

Mitochondria-targeting nanoparticles for enhanced microwave ablation of cancer.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is effective in the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. However, its toxicity and side effects are severe, posing an obstacle in its clinical application. A controlled-release ATO carrier with mitochondrial targeting was constructed in this study. The safety and efficacy in vitro were investigated using a hemolysis test, cytotoxicity, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and other changes in cell behavior. The safety and efficacy were further evaluated in vivo by hematoxylin-eosin staining, terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, and blood testing in tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemically and western blotting experiments were conducted to explore the mechanism of combination therapy of material-based chemotherapy and microwave hyperthermia in vitro. We demonstrated that the nano-zirconia (ZrO2) loading platform may be used to administer the ATO, with local precision-controlled release and mitochondrial targeting. Furthermore, we showed the safety of this approach for delivering high doses of ATO. In addition, we explored this new method in combination with in vitro microwave heat therapy, providing a potentially novel intravenous approach to chemotherapy. We described a new non-invasive treatment that improved the efficacy of ATO chemotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma through nano-ZrO2 carriers.

Delivery of Arsenic Trioxide by Multifunction Nanoparticles To Improve the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

// Yaqin Wang 1, * , Jianping Xiong 2, * , Meng Niu 1 , Xiaowei Chen 1 , Long Gao 1 , Qirun Wu 1 , Kechuang Zheng 1 and Ke Xu 1 1 Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China 2 Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Ke Xu, email: kexu@vip.sina.com Keywords: statins, cirrhosis, fibrosis, meta-analysis Received: March 10, 2017      Accepted: July 18, 2017      Published: July 27, 2017 ABSTRACT Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are leading causes of chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis. Recently, several studies have observed that statins have an inverse relationship with cirrhosis in hepatitis B or C patients. However, no published meta-analysis studied the protective effect of statins on cirrhosis. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies to better understand the relationship between statins and the risk of cirrhosis. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science for articles published before April 2017. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Six cohort studies, including 38951 cases of cirrhosis in 263573 patients with hepatitis B or C, were identified to investigate the relationship between statins and the risk of cirrhosis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores for the included studies ranged from 6 to 9, with four high-quality studies and only two of medium quality. The use of statins was associated with a significant 42% reduction in the risk of cirrhosis, without obvious heterogeneity. In addition, this protective effect was more obvious in Asian countries. Moreover, dose-response analysis suggested each additional 50 cumulative defined daily doses (cDDD) of statins decreases the risk of cirrhosis by 11% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86–0.93, p = 0.001). In summary, statin use is associated with a decreased incidence rate of cirrhosis and is most pronounced in Eastern countries but also in Western countries.

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Qirun Wu

Papers

Mitochondria-targeting nanoparticles for enhanced microwave ablation of cancer.

Delivery of Arsenic Trioxide by Multifunction Nanoparticles To Improve the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Statins and the risk of cirrhosis in hepatitis B or C patients: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies

High concentration Tm3+ doped TeO2-Al2O3-BaF2 glass for ~2 μm fiber lasers

TeO2-GeO2-BaF2-Tm2O3 glass for ∼2 μm laser materials: Analysis of luminescence features and energy transfer behavior

Qirun Wu

Papers

Mitochondria-targeting nanoparticles for enhanced microwave ablation of cancer.

Delivery of Arsenic Trioxide by Multifunction Nanoparticles To Improve the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Statins and the risk of cirrhosis in hepatitis B or C patients: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies

High concentration Tm3+ doped TeO2-Al2O3-BaF2 glass for ~2 μm fiber lasers

TeO2-GeO2-BaF2-Tm2O3 glass for ∼2 μm laser materials: Analysis of luminescence features and energy transfer behavior

TeO2-GeO2-BaF2-Tm2O3 glass for ∼2 μm laser materials: Analysis of luminescence features and energy transfer behavior