Statistical Databases

Phenolic compounds are well-known phytochemicals found in all plants. They consist of simple phenols, benzoic and cinnamic acid, coumarins, tannins, lignins, lignans and flavonoids. Substantial developments in research focused on the extraction, identification and quantification of phenolic compounds as medicinal and/or dietary molecules have occurred over the last 25 years. Organic solvent extraction is the main method used to extract phenolics. Chemical procedures are used to detect the presence of total phenolics, while spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques are utilized to identify and quantify individual phenolic compounds. This review addresses the application of different methodologies utilized in the analysis of phenolic compounds in plant-based products, including recent technical developments in the quantification of phenolics.

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Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds.

Natural bioactive compounds include a broad diversity of structures and functionalities that provide an excellent pool of molecules for the production of nutraceuticals, functional foods, and food additives. Some of those compounds can be found in nature at high concentration such as polyphenols but others can only be found at very low levels, so that massive harvesting is needed to obtain sufficient amounts, and their structural diversity and complexity make chemical synthesis unprofitable. The inherent difficulties in screening and producing these compounds have led to the development of advanced technologies. The commonly used methods for their extraction are the conventional liquid–liquid or solid–liquid extraction and the advanced include pressurized-liquid extraction, subcritical and supercritical extractions, and microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extractions. In addition, these extraction techniques have been improved with previous steps (enzyme-and instant controlled pressure drop-assisted extractions) which help to release the compounds from the matrix. These technologies could provide in the next few years an innovative approach to increase the production of specific compounds for use as nutraceuticals or as ingredients in the design of functional foods.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1541-4337.12005

Technologies for Extraction and Production of Bioactive Compounds to be Used as Nutraceuticals and Food Ingredients: An Overview

Flavonoids are major bioactive compounds known to be beneficial against many chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and inflammation. Food products obtained from plants are key sources of flavonoids for humans. However, during different food-processing steps, flavonoids are lost in remarkable amounts. Supplementation of flavonoids as a food additive will help in retaining the required health-beneficial amount of flavonoids in the diet, and extraction is an important step in the preparation of food additives. Microwave extraction is one of the most advanced extraction methods, which has the potential of playing a major role in flavonoid extraction and analytical quantification. The present paper reviews the potential application of microwave extraction for flavonoids and the advantage of microwave-assisted process over the other extraction processes generally employed for extraction.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids: A Review

Background Rutin is a common dietary flavonoid which has received great attention in literature, due to their pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, inter alia . Over 860 products containing rutin are currently marketed in the US. The major disadvantage associated with rutin is its constrained bioavailability, mainly caused by its low aqueous solubility, poor stability and limited membrane permeability. Scope and approach The aim of this contribution is to give an overview of the current methods (conventional and innovative) for the extraction, identification and purification of rutin. Furthermore, recent findings regarding its pharmacological activities and the different approaches to increase rutin solubility in both aqueous and lipid phases will be discussed. Key findings and conclusions Current trends on extraction process have been focused on the discovery and design of green and sustainable extraction techniques to optimize the recovery of rutin. Despite the bioactivity expressed in different in vitro systems, its biological effects in vivo are limited by the poor bioavailability of the flavonoid. The utilization of delivery systems for rutin or its enzymatic or chemical transformation towards highly soluble derivatives have the potential to improve rutin bioavailability, as well as its stability and/or specific biological properties. These novel rutin formulations may bring this promising flavonoid to the forefront of nutraceuticals for the prevention and/or treatment of various chronic human diseases.

Rutin: A review on extraction, identification and purification methods, biological activities and approaches to enhance its bioavailability

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive flavonoid from Strobilanthes crispus (Pecah Kaca)

Newly synthesized palm esters for cosmetics industry

Date palm is an important plant in arid regions with more than 20 varieties reported all over the world. Date seed is a byproduct of date fruit industry which is normally being discarded, used as animal feed ingredient or turned into non-caffeinated coffee by the Arabs. About 11-18% of date fruit weight is the seed which is composed of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fat, ash and protein. In addition, the antioxidant content in date seed oil (DSO) was found to be comparable with olive oil, which can be as a good source of antioxidant in order to fulfill the consumers demand. Oleic acid is the major fatty acid found in DSO, followed by lauric, linoleic, palmitic and myristic acid. However, different varieties of date fruits have different fatty acid compositions. This paper reviewed the potential use of date seed and date seed oil in order to discover and develop its usage and find out the suitable application of these seed and oil.

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R. Abdul Rahman

Papers

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive flavonoid from Strobilanthes crispus (Pecah Kaca)

Newly synthesized palm esters for cosmetics industry

Date seed and date seed oil

Bread crust thickness measurement using digital imaging and L a b colour system

Analysis of volatile compounds from Malaysian durians (Durio zibethinus) using headspace SPME coupled to fast GC-MS