The KLOE calorimeter is a fine lead-scintillating fiber sampling calorimeter. We describe in the following the calibration procedures and the calorimeter performances obtained after 3 years of data taking. We get an energy resolution for electromagnetic showers of 5.4%/ E (GeV) and a time resolution of 56 ps/ E (GeV) . We also present a measurement of efficiency for low-energy photons.

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The KLOE electromagnetic calorimeter

Calorimetry has become a well-understood, powerful, and versatile measurement method. Besides perfecting this technique to match increasingly demanding operation at high-energy particle accelerators, physicists are developing low-temperature calorimeters to extend detection down to ever lower energies, and atmospheric and deep-sea calorimeters to scrutinize the universe up to the highest energies. The authors summarize the state of the art, with emphasis on the physics of the detectors and innovative technologies.

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Calorimetry for particle physics

The DAΦNE Beam Test Facility (BTF) is a beam transfer line optimized for the production of electron or positron bunches, in a wide range of multiplicities and down to single-electron mode, in the energy range between 50 and 800 MeV . The typical pulse duration is 10 ns and the maximum repetition rate is 50 Hz . The facility design has been optimized for detector calibration purposes. The BTF has been successfully commissioned in February 2002 and started operation in the same year in November. The schemes of operation, the commissioning results, as well as the first users’ experience are reported here.

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Commissioning of the DAΦNE beam test facility

The DA NE Beam Test Facility (BTF) is a beam transfer line optimized for the production of a dened number of electrons or positrons, in a wide range of multiplicities and down to single-electron mode, in the energy range between 50 and 800 MeV. The typical pulse duration is 10 ns and the maximum repetition rate is 50 Hz. The facility is aimed mainly for detector calibration purposes. The BTF has been successfully commissioned in February 2002, and started operation in November of the same year. The schemes of operation, the commissioning results, as well as the rst users’ experience are here reported.

http://www.lnf.infn.it/sis/preprint/pdf/getfile.php?filename=LNF-03-3(P).pdf

Commissioning of the DA NE Beam Test Facility

The needs of experiments in high-energy physics have been for many decades the stimulus for detector developments. For calorimetry, particle identification with ring image Cherenkov detectors, time-of-flight measurements, etc., sophisticated photosensors have been realized. Although photomultiplier tubes are a commercial product since 70 years, an impressive progress has been made recently. The bulky shape turned in a slim design and the quantum efficiency has been increased by almost a factor of 2. During the last 3 decades photodetectors made from semiconductor materials, photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes, have replaced in an increasing number the traditional photomultiplier tubes. The recently developed Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes with high sensitivity to single photons will accelerate this trend.

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New developments on photosensors for particle physics

The KLOE detector is designed primarily for the study of direct CP violation in K0 decays. The electromagnetic calorimeter, EmC, is a most demanding element of the detector. Two prototypes of the EmC (one for the barrel and one for the end-cap region) have been built at Frascati and tested at PSI (Switzerland) using beams of electrons, muons and pions of 40 to 290 MeV/c momentum, and at the Frascati LADON facility using photons of 20 to 80 MeV. We observe excellent linearity from 20 to 290 MeV. The energy resolution is σ(E)/E ∼ 4.4% / ”E(GeV) and the time resolution is ∼ 34 ps/”E(GeV). We found little dependence on incidence angle and entry position. We also determined that some πμ identification is possible.

/pdf/construction-and-performance-of-the-lead-scintillating-fiber-52bn8d5yxq.pdf

Construction and performance of the lead-scintillating fiber calorimeter prototypes for the KLOE detector

In connection with the design of the electromagnetic calorimeter of the KLOE detector, we have studied the performance of several samples of commercially available plastic scintillating fibers with a particle beam at the CERN PS. Results on light yield, attenuation length and time resolution measurements concerning 2–4.5 m long samples of those fibers are presented.

/pdf/measurements-of-light-yield-attenuation-length-and-time-2lbi0hpsfu.pdf

R Haydar

Papers

Construction and performance of the lead-scintillating fiber calorimeter prototypes for the KLOE detector

Measurements of light yield, attenuation length and time response of long samples of "blue" scintillating fibers