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Introduction To Electrodynamics

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Electrodynamics Of Continuous Media

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/4639142/31561/01472527.pdf

Controlled fusion

A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. The abstract should be no longer than 500 words. Graphical abstract A graphical abstract is mandatory for this journal. It should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership online. Authors must provide images that clearly represent the work described in the article. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site. Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration Services to ensure the best presentation of their images also in accordance with all technical requirements.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

Here the Newtonian heating characteristics in MHD flow of Casson liquid induced by stretched cylinder moving with linear velocity is addressed. Consideration of dissipation and Joule heating characterizes the process of heat transfer. Applied electric and induced magnetic fields are not considered. Magnetic Reynolds number is low. The convenient transformation yields nonlinear problems which are solved for the convergent solutions. Convergence region is determined for the acquired solutions. Parameters highlighting for velocity and temperature are graphyically discussed. Numerical values of skin friction and Nusselt number are also presented in the tabular form. Present analysis reveals that velocity and thermal fields have reverse behavior for larger Hartman number. Moreover curvature parameter has similar influence on the velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number.

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/1475029.pdf

Magnetohydrodynamic flow of Casson fluid over a stretching cylinder

Thermal characteristics of electromagnetohydrodynamic flows in narrow channels with viscous dissipation and Joule heating under constant wall heat flux

I correct hundred years old theory of charge distribution within an electrolytic solution surrounded by charged walls. Existing theory always implies excess amount of counter-ions (having polarity unlike walls) everywhere in the solution domain; so it cannot handle a solution that possesses excess ions of other type (co-ions) or is electrically neutral as a whole. Here, in the corrected distribution, counter-ions dominate near the walls, while the rest of the domain is allowed to be dominated by co-ions; the algebraic sum gives the net charge present, which can be of any sign and magnitude that makes theory quite general. This clarifies and raises many important concepts: a novel concept of `Electric Triple Layer' (ETL) replaces `Electric Double Layer' (EDL) theory; widths of electric layers can be calculated accurately instead of estimating by Debye length scale etc.

/pdf/electric-triple-layer-theory-tj0tkj5z0y.pdf

Electric Triple Layer Theory

We show the existing solution of Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) to violate charge conservation principle, and then derive the correct formula for charge density distribution $(\rho_e)$ in a fluid. We replaced unphysical old boundary conditions with some conditions that have never been used. Our result demonstrates that PBE cannot explain the formation of `Electric Double Layer' (EDL); it follows that the present physical interpretation of `Debye length' $(\lambda_D)$ is wrong, too.

/pdf/debye-length-cannot-be-interpreted-as-screening-or-shielding-33kiek9xnt.pdf

Debye Length Cannot be Interpreted as Screening or Shielding Length

We correct the solution of Poisson-Boltzmann equation regarding charge distribution in an electrolytic solution bounded by walls. Considering charge conservation principle properly, we show that the gradient of electrostatic potential at different walls are strictly related, and cannot be assigned independent values, unlike old theory. It clarifies some cause and effect ideas: distribution turns out to be independent of the initial polarity of walls; the accumulated charges in liquid usually induce opposite polarity on the wall surface, forms `Electric Double Layer' (EDL), contrary to the common belief that a charged wall attracts counter-ions to form EDL. Distribution depends only on the potential difference between walls and the net charge present in the solution, apart from Debye length.

/pdf/physical-solution-of-poisson-boltzmann-equation-q8tvwgqqvw.pdf

Physical Solution of Poisson-Boltzmann Equation

Presence of a charged wall distributes like charges (co-ions) and unlike charges (counter-ions) differently within an electrolytic solution. It is reasonable to expect that counter-ions have more population near the wall, while co-ions are abundant away from it; experiments and simulations support this. An analytical formula for the net charge-density distribution has been used widely since almost hundred years, was obtained by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. However, the old formula shows excess counter-ions everywhere, cannot account for the missing co-ions satisfactorily, and clearly violates charge conservation principle. Here, I correct the distribution formula from fundamental considerations. The old derivation expresses charge-density distribution as a function of electrostatic potential through Boltzmann distribution, but missed a crucial point that the indefinite nature of electrostatic potential makes charge-density indefinite as well. We must tune electrostatic potential by adding suitable constant until the integral of charge-density becomes consistent with the net charge present in solution; old theory did not do it, that I do here. This result demonstrates how to reconcile a definite quantity to an indefinite one, when they are related. I anticipate, this result is going to have far reaching impacts on many fields like colloid science, electro-kinetics, bio-technology etc. that use the old theory

/pdf/mystery-of-missing-co-ions-solved-2bya5r4irm.pdf

Rajib Chakraborty

Papers

Thermal characteristics of electromagnetohydrodynamic flows in narrow channels with viscous dissipation and Joule heating under constant wall heat flux

Electric Triple Layer Theory

Debye Length Cannot be Interpreted as Screening or Shielding Length

Physical Solution of Poisson-Boltzmann Equation

Mystery of Missing Co-ions Solved