Terminalia arjuna is a medicinal plant used in ethnomedicine and the codified traditional medicine. A number of active constituents are reported, but there is no information on the whole range of gallic and ellagic acid derivatives present in this plant A rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) for qualitative analysis to determine the array of bioactive phytochemicals and their variations in different plant parts viz. bark, unripe fruit, ripe fruit, leaf, root and stem. Separation was performed on a Thermo Betasil C8 column (250 mm x 4.5 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min in 55 min. A wide range of constituents of T. arjuna were characterized and broadly grouped as 27 gallic acid and 52 ellagic acid derivatives.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1934578X1601100227

Profiling of Gallic and Ellagic Acid Derivatives in Different Plant Parts of Terminalia Arjuna by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS:

In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Polygonum hydropiper methanol extract.

Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre, belonging to Polygonaceae family, is a common weed found in most of the temperate countries including Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, and Japan. The plant is also referred to as “marsh pepper” or “smart weed.” It appears to be a useful herb with evidence-based medicinal properties. The present work addresses the botanical description, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of P. hydropiper. All plant parts have been commonly used in the traditional systems of medicines. Flavonoids are the major group of phytochemical components followed by drimane-type sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids, as well as phenylpropanoids. Different extracts and plant parts showed remarkable pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antihelminth, antifeedant, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, oestrogenicity, antifertility, antiadipogenicity, and neuroprotection. Mutagenicity and acute and subchronic toxicities of the plant were also reported. P. hydropiper has tremendous medicinal properties that could further be investigated for the development of evidence-based herbal products.

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Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Aspects of Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre.

Esterified drimane-type sesquiterpene lactones such as astellolides display various biological activities and are widely produced by plants and fungi. Given their low homology to known sesquiterpene cyclases, the genes responsible for their biosynthesis have not been uncovered yet. Here, we identified the astellolide gene cluster from Aspergillus oryzae and discovered a novel sesquiterpene biosynthetic machinery consisting of AstC, AstI, and AstK. All these enzymes are annotated as haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolases, whereas AstC also contains a DxDTT motif conserved in class II diterpene cyclases. Based on enzyme reaction analyses, we found that AstC catalysed the protonation-initiated cyclisation of farnesyl pyrophosphate into drimanyl pyrophosphate. This was successively dephosphorylated by AstI and AstK to produce drim-8-ene-11-ol. Moreover, we also identified and characterised a unique non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, AstA, responsible for esterifying aryl acids to drimane-type sesquiterpene lactones. In this study, we highlight a new biosynthetic route for producing sesquiterpene and its esterified derivative. Our findings shed light on the identification of novel sesquiterpenes via genome mining.

/pdf/identification-of-a-novel-sesquiterpene-biosynthetic-4svcwsqn6f.pdf

Identification of a novel sesquiterpene biosynthetic machinery involved in astellolide biosynthesis.

Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre: A review on traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological and toxicological activities

One new drimane-type sesquiterpenoid, 3 β-angeloyloxy-7-epifutronolide (1), and one new natural product, polygonumate (2), along with six known drimane-type sesquiterpenes [dendocarbin L (3), (+) winterin (4), (+) fuegin (5), changweikangic acid A (6), futronolide (7), and 7-ketoisodrimenin (8)] were isolated from the whole plant of Polygonum hydropiper Linn. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic techniques. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study on dendocarbin L (3) and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data of (+) winterin (4) are described for the first time. Compound 6 was evaluated for inhibitions of α-chymotrypsin, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes.

Drimane-type sesquiterpenes from Polygonum hydropiper.

/pdf/in-vivo-sedative-and-anxiolytic-potential-in-mice-for-21sgcxgkyr.pdf

In vivo Sedative and Anxiolytic Potential in Mice for Methanolic Extract of Tinospora cordifolia

A new ursane triterpene, torment (2 alpha,3 beta,19 alpha-trihydroxyurs-12-en) (1), was isolated from the fruits of Terminalia arjuna along with four known ursane and oleane triterpenes. The structures were established on the basis of extensive NMR (1D & 2D) and MS (EI & ESI) studies. Tormentic acid (2), 19 alpha-hydroxy asiatic acid (3) and olean-12-en-2 alpha,3 beta-diol (4) were isolated for the first time from this species. Compounds 1 and 2 lacked significant enzyme inhibition, cytotoxicity, immunomodulatory and antiglycation activities.

New ursane triterpene from the fruits of Terminalia arjuna.

Department of Chemistry, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chittagong 4349, Bangladesh. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Foy’s Lake, Khulshi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh. Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Foy’s Lake, Khulshi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh. Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore 7408, Bangladesh. .

Isolation and characterization of mucilage from Tinospora cordifolia as Tablet binder and release modifier

2,7-dimethoxyxanthone ( 1 ) along with a well known compound ? -sitosterol-3-O- ? -D-glucopyranoside ( 2) were isolated from the methonalic extract of the fruits of Terminalia arjuna . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic (NMR and mass) analysis.

/pdf/xanthone-from-the-fruits-of-terminalia-arjuna-4jbkbk5psa.pdf

Rashadul Hossain

Papers

Drimane-type sesquiterpenes from Polygonum hydropiper.

In vivo Sedative and Anxiolytic Potential in Mice for Methanolic Extract of Tinospora cordifolia

New ursane triterpene from the fruits of Terminalia arjuna.

Isolation and characterization of mucilage from Tinospora cordifolia as Tablet binder and release modifier

Xanthone from the Fruits of Terminalia Arjuna