Showing papers in "Journal of Scientific Research in 2016"

Innovation and Its Enemies: Why People Resist New Technologies

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New MAX Phase Compound Mo 2 TiAlC 2 : First-principles Study

Abstract: A theoretical study of the Mo 2 TiAlC 2 compound belonging to the MAX phases has been performed by using the first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We have calculated the structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of Mo 2 TiAlC 2 . To confirm mechanical stability, the elastic constants C ij are calculated. Other elastic parameters such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, compressibility, Young modulus, anisotropic factor, Pugh ratio, Poisson’s ratio are also calculated. The energy band structure and density of states are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the electrical conductivity is metallic with a high density of states at the Fermi level in which Mo 4 d states dominate. Furthermore, the optical properties such as dielectric function, refractive index, photoconductivity, absorption coefficients, loss function and reflectivity are also calculated. Its reflectance spectrum shows that it has the potential to be used as a promising shielding material to avoid solar heating.

Water Pollution by Industrial Effluent and Phytoplankton Diversity of Shitalakhya River, Bangladesh

Abstract: The present study investigated the water quality of Shitalakhya River, phytoplankton abundance, diversity and the effect of pollutants on phytoplankton as well as the primary productivity. The water of the collected samples was mostly alkaline (7.01-8.2) and showed a wide range of variation in EC (1171-2700 μS/cm), TDS (576-1345 mg/L), DO (0.92-2.7 mg/L), free-CO 2 (15-31 mg/L), BOD (12.03-28.38 mg/L) and COD (101.2-109.2 mg/L). A total of 62 species were identified of which 9 belonged to Chlorophyceae, 11 Cyanophyceae, 14 Euglenophyceae and 28 Bacillariophyceae. Among all the members, Bacillariophyceae were found to be dominant and lowest of Chlorophyceae indicates that this group is more sensitive to the pollutants discharged by the industry.

A Scientometric Analysis of Research in Recommender Systems

Abstract: This paper presents analytical outcomes of scientometric mapping of research work done on the important emerging area of ‘Recommender Systems. Research on ‘Recommender Systems’ started during last few years and within a short span of time has gained tremendous momentum. It is now considered as important emerging areas of research in computational sciences and related disciplines. We have analyzed the research output data on ‘Recommender Systems’ during 1991-2015 indexed in the Web of Knowledge. The analysis maps comprehensively the parameters of total output, growth of output, authorship and country-level collaboration patterns, major contributors (countries, institutions and individuals), top publication sources, thematic trends and emerging topics in the field. The paper presents an elaborate and first of its kind scientometric mapping of research on ‘Recommender Systems’.

Nano-sized SnO 2 Photocatalysts: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Application for the Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye

Abstract: In the present study, tin oxide (SnO 2 ) nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation method using tin tetrachloride (SnCl 4 ) as precursor and ammonia solution as precipitating agent followed by calcination at 400 oC for 2 h. As-prepared SnO 2 particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The powder XRD results revealed that the SnO 2 nanoparticles had a typical tetragonal rutile (cassiterite) structure and the average crystallite size calculated by using the Debye –Scherrer equation was found to be approximately 5.1 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared photocatalysts was investigated by degrading methylene blue (MB) dye. The effect of pH, catalyst loading and initial dye concentration on photocatalytic degradation was investigated. Results showed that the SnO 2 nanoparticles represented excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB under UV light with 200 min of irradiation time. The results also showed that the pH of solution had a direct influence on the photocatalysis process and basic pH was favorable for the degradation of MB. The effect of pH on photocatalytic activity was explained with the help of zero point charge (pH pzc ). Furthermore, the photocatalysts could be easily recycled without significant change in the catalytic activity.

Frugal Innovation: How to Do Better with Less

Abstract: Frugal innovation takes the bottom-up approach involving the geeks’ next door, or people habituated with Do-ItYourself (DIY) stuff for co-creating innovative products, solutions, or services for the start ups as well as big corporations. In a globalized knowledge economy, frugal innovation is projected as a new model for the business success, where entrepreneurs are encouraging co-production by consumers, who have become ‘prosumers’. As the sub-title of the book suggests, the frugal innovation is a result of the ability to do more and better with fewer resources. In the book, the authors suggest a measurement of the intensity of frugal innovation. Intensity can be measured in terms of a simple formula: “Greater Value (for customers, shareholders, and society)/ Fewer Resources (natural resources, capital, time)”. The communitydriven innovation ecosystem primarily addresses the societal needs, sustainability, and cost-efficiency. Other business considerations come much later. Innovation is made a key constituent in the 2030 Global Development Agenda, while Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are set to achieve by the year 2030 as envisaged the member countries of the United Nations. Goal 9 (SDG9) is set to build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. In this context, frugal innovation helps in achieving the mandate of fostering innovation in developing countries. Post-2008 (post-recession or the time of austerity) the corporations were pushed to achieve cost-efficiency without compromising the products’ quality, affordability, and comfortability of the end users. Thus, the key consideration of the book is that how resources-constrained corporations could turn around ensuring the bottom-line innovations are taking place in their backyards. At a central stage, the community participation is really essential for engaging its members in collaborative innovation development processes. The knowledge economy nurtures the innovation frameworks across the board while encouraging the collaborative development of the innovation ecosystem in the country by establishing an array of the innovation clusters, national systems of innovation, and sectoral systems of innovation across the states. The ecosystem is put in place with special concessions are given to the actors in an innovation system, such as the start-ups, entrepreneurs, and intrapreneurs in terms of extending the ease of doing business.

Synthesis of Polysilsesquioxanes with Double-Decker Silsesquioxane Repeating Units

Abstract: Polysilsesquioxanes were synthesized with end functional double-decker silsesquioxanes (DDSQ) and the polymers were characterized with 1 H NMR, 29 Si NMR and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Polysilsesquioxane containing iso -butyl end capped DDSQ showed better solubility compared to that of methyl end capped DDSQ. Thermal properties investigated with TGA showed that the polymers exhibited exceptionally high stabilities in the range of 470-530°C even in both nitrogen and air atmosphere. The average residual weights of the polymers at 760°C were around 80% in the nitrogen atmosphere.

What is the required level of data cleaning? A research evaluation case

Abstract: Bibliometric methods depend heavily on the quality of data, and cleaning and disambiguating data are very time-consuming. Therefore, quite some effort is devoted to the development of better and fa ...

The Scientometrics of Nature

Abstract: Nature is a weekly journal of multidisciplinary sciences with a huge range of followers in the scientific community. The purpose of the study is to analyse the citations of the full research articles published in Nature journal from 2006 to 2015. During this period Nature has published 8335 research articles. In the study the weightage of the research articles published in Nature were measured through immediacy index comparison of the research articles to the overall journal. The authorship pattern of the articles were measured and a cited references study was also conducted for measuring the self citations generated by Nature each year,the references per articles present and identifying core cited journals by Nature and their respective subject areas, which libraries in turn may use for collection development policies. Ranking of contributing countries and contributing organizations were also made by % share of article contribution. To check if any kind of biasness is present in Nature publications, a comparative evaluation of top contributing countries has also been made based on Nature Index. Web of Science core collection was used as the data source and Bibexcel bibliometric tool was used for data analysis purpose.

Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science: A Scientometric Profile

Abstract: The study aims to investigate the scientific publication research productivity in Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science for a period of selected 7 years between 2008 and 2014. The findings of the study revealed that the highest number of author productivity of this research 74 (2.64%) were published in the year 2011. Out of 142 articles, 19.71% were the highest number of articles which were published in 2011 and the lowest number 9.86% of research articles published in the year 2014. The study investigated the rank wise distributions of contribution in which the majority of 31.84% contributions from Malaysia which is the first position, followed by 11.31% were contributed by Iran is the second rank and 11.01% of contributions came from India is the third position, and 7.15% of contributions came from China etc. The scientometric tools such as degree of collaboration, collaborative index, annual growth rate, and relative growth rate were also used to analyze the data and interpretation.

Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of an Automatic Solar Tracker

Abstract: In this research paper, an automatic solar tracker based on gear system is designed and developed. The solar tracker follows the sun from east to west during the day. Driving software has been developed using FLOWCODE and then it is burnt into the microcontroller (PIC 16F72). An intelligent sensor board followed by a sensor circuit has been used to sense the position of the sun.The system has been programmed to detect the intensity of sunlight by a differential arrangement of two LDRs and subsequently actuate the motor to position the solar panel where it can receive maximum sunlight. The solar tracking system is a mechatronic system that integrates electrical and mechanical systems and computer hardware & software. The driving gear system and the structure of the PV module have been developed by using the locally available materials.In our research, the efficiency of this automatic solar tracker is 15% higher than the conventional tracker because of the designing automatic solar tracker and has got it successfully.This reveals that our system is compatible with the additional energy production.

Effect of Topography and Soil Depth on Clay Content, Organic Matter Content, Active Acidity, Reserve Acidity and Cation Exchange Capacity of Some Tea Soils of Bangladesh

Abstract: Soil samples were collected from M. R. Khan tea-estate area of Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh. Organic matter, active acidity, reserve acidity, cation exchange capacity, clay content and textural class of the collected soil samples for different topographic positions and depths were determined. The percentage of sand, silt and clay varied from 59.75 to 70.50, 12.50 to 20.00 and 14.50 to 22.75, respectively. Active acidity and reserve acidity of the soils varied from 4.13 to 5.82 and 3.46 to 4.84, respectively. Organic matter content varied from 0.37% to 1.93%. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) varied from 11.42 to 24.86 cmolKg -1 . Soils were acidic in nature with considerably high reserve acidity. The measured parameters of the soil samples were plotted and analyzed with reference to topography and depth. The parameters have been found to vary with sampling sites, depths and topography.

Investigation on Spectroscopic, Thermal and Antimicrobial Activity of Newly Synthesized Binuclear Cr(III) Metal Ion Complex

Abstract: Binuclear Cr(III) metal ion complex was synthesized using diphenylacetic acid as primary ligand and 2-methyl pyridine (2-picoline) as secondary ligand. The synthesized complex was characterized by conductivity, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, magnetic moment and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR spectra indicated the coordination of deprotonated diphenylacetic acid and 2-picoline through nitrogen and oxygen. The presence of water molecules inside the coordination sphere of the complex was confirmed from IR spectrum and TGA analysis. Binuclear and octahedral structure of the Cr(III) complex confirmed by TGA, UV-Vis spectroscopy and magnetic moment measurement. The complex showed moderate antibacterial activity with no antifungal activity.

Biochemical Characterization of Probiotics Available in Bangladesh

Abstract: The pervasive beneficial effects of probiotics are important for the maintenance of mammalian homeostasis. The probiotic products are consumed by people in their various forms available in Bangladesh. In this context, this study is taken into consideration to identify and characterize bacteria to confirm the scientific data needed for improvement in probiotic products as current therapies. Five probiotic samples were collected from pharmaceutical companies available in the retail pharmacy, Rajshahi. The probiotic samples are tested before expiration dates as marked on manufacturer packages. The culture media used were Czapek Dox (pH 5.3), MRS and nutrient broth and agar for the investigation of lactic acid bacteria. The identified lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were lactobacillus acidophyllus (LAB 1), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LAB 2), Lactococcus lactis (LAB 3) and Biffidobacterium biffidum (LAB 4) based on morphological characteristics, catalase activities, milk coagulation, carbohydrate fermentation profiles, resistance to antibiotics and other biochemical tests. The rejuvenation of probiotics particularly LAB from the probiotic samples can be used in other purposes such as biopreservation of lemon, orange juices with better tastes and fermented products like curds as well as hygienic qualities of other dairy products.

Emerging Structure of Stem Cell Research in India: An Analysis of Publication Output, 1990-2014

Abstract: The potential of stem cell to change the face of medical treatment has brought it to the forefront of medical science in recent years. The present study analyzes the stem cell research output of India during 1990-2014 collected from the Scopus database. Some of the parameters used for analysis are publication output, publication share, growth rate, h-index, impact per paper, citation analysis, international collaboration and degree of collaboration, etc. The increasing significance of stem cell research was analyzed by ranking countries, institutions, authors, journals, etc. concerning total publication, their citation, and h-index. It is exciting to note that there has been notable growth in stem cell research publication from India. A total of 3964 papers were contributed by Indian authors during the study period, out of which 71.24% have been cited at least once and has a citation average of 9.27 citations per paper. Given the interdisciplinary and complex nature of the field, most of the research output is multiple authored and out of which more than one-third have internationally collaborated. The United States, which is the top most producing country, also the largest collaborative partner of India in stem cell research. The AIIMS and PlosOne are the most productive institution and journal respectively in this field.

Contribution and Performance of Indian Psychiatrists and a Pan-Indian Psychiatry Journal to Mental Health Literature during 2010-14

Abstract: Introduction: The quality and quantity of manuscript contribution by Indian Psychiatrist and those by Indian Journal of Psychiatry (IJP) has not been assessed till date. Such a data would be helpful for the policymakers and all stakeholders to plan the future outlook of publishing in and by Psychiatrists. Material and Methods: Using previously described method, contribution of Indian Psychiatrists as well as that of IJP was collected from various resources. Also, such details were collected by hand from PubMed, Journal website and cross-checked with Google Page Ranking system via a specialized software. Results: Indian psychiatrists published 350 articles in 2010 that arose to 506 in 2014. Among the articles published in 2007-2009, only 75.14% were cited within three years while for the period, 2011-13, only 20.36% were cited. In the same time frame, manuscript published in IJP garnered 29.07% and 39.76%. Discussion: IJP is increasingly getting cited surpassing the other journals and nearly 2.5 times of the general medical field. Besides citation, the other quality parameters of IJP are being discussed. Increasing the quality of Indian psychiatrist research output will require a structured and planned program. The manuscript would aid to chalk future policy of research promotion among Indian Psychiatrists.

Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiO 2 Thin Film Prepared by Sol-gel Method

Abstract: The effect of annealing temperatures on the surface morphology and optical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) thin films deposited by spin coating on Silicon substrate was studied. The TiO 2 thin films deposited onto silicon substrates were annealed at different temperatures. The structural and optical properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and optical ellipsometer. The results indicated that the structural properties of the TiO 2 thin films were changed with the increase in annealing temperature. The SEM investigation showed that as annealing temperature was increased, the grain and pores size were increased. The XRD patterns of the studied samples showed that rutile phase were found in a sample annealed at high temperature. The ellipsometry investigation shows that the refractive index increased while energy band gap decreased with the annealing temperature. The results showed that surface porosity, optical properties and surface morphology of TiO 2 could be affected by changing the annealing temperature.

MHD Boundary Layer Flow of Heat and Mass Transfer over a Stretching Sheet in a Rotating System with Hall Current

Abstract: The present paper is an investigation of steady MHD free convection, heat and mass transfer flow of an incompressible electrically conducting fluid over a stretching sheet in a rotating system under the influence of an applied uniform magnetic field with Hall current. The governing equations are transformed to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically by the shooting method. The numerical results concerned with the primary velocity, secondary velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, effects of various parameters on the flow fields are investigated and presented graphically. The results presented graphically illustrate that primary velocity field decrease due to increase of rotational and magnetic parameter but reverse results arises in case of Hall and heat generation parameter while secondary velocity decrease for stretching parameter and increase for Hall, rotational and magnetic parameter. The thermal boundary layer decreases for the increasing values of mentioned parameter. Also, concentration profiles decreases for increasing the values of magnetic parameter, rotational parameter, reaction parameter and Schmidt number but increases for heat generation and Dufour number. Finally, the numerical values of the skin friction, wall temperature gradient and concentration gradient are also shown in a tabular form.

Ebola Virus: A Scientometric Study of World Research Publications

Abstract: The virus of Ebola belongs to the filovirus family. The hemorrhagic fever occurs due to Ebola virus and is highly transmittable. The study covers a scientometric analysis of publications on Ebola virus worldwide. It revealed that 2446 papers have been published on Ebola virus in 159 journals, originating from 84 countries till December 31, 2013. These publications have received 69,960 citations until March 1, 2015. The maximum literature on this deadly virus is published in the form of articles and review, 2040 (83.40%). The highest number of papers was published in 2012, i.e., 198 (8.1%). Eighty‐four countries have contributed in Ebola research with at least one publication. Top ten countries produced 2124 (86.8%) of the total research publications on Ebola virus. The United States is the leading country with 1146 (46.9%) in research outcome. The average citation per publication on papers in the area is ~28.6 citations per paper. The majority of papers is published in English language, 2149 (87.9%). Overall, 157 journals produced the Ebola virus research and “Journal of Virology” has published 257 (10.5%) of the papers. In addition, the world over 160 institutions contributed in Ebola virus research, and National Center for Infectious Diseases (~3.3) has recorded highest relative citation impact. Feldmann from the University of Manitoba is the leading author in the field with 129 (5.3%) papers.

Surface Water Pollution around Dhaka Export Processing Zone and Its Impacts on Surrounding Aquatic Environment

Abstract: This study based on the physicochemical parameters was conducted in order to determine the pollution status in the aquatic body of Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) area. A total of 5 water samples were collected on the basis of their distance from the effluent outlet and were examined. Physicochemical parameters like color, temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), total hardness, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured via standard determination method. Physicochemical analyses revealed that most of the water quality parameters exceeded the recommended levels set by the Department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh. The concentrations were found decreasing with increasing distance from the effluent outlet. A very strong positive correlation was found between BOD and COD in all sampling points. Both BOD and COD values had a strong negative correlation with dissolved oxygen (DO). The results indicated that the surrounding aquatic environment is exceedingly contaminated by various pollutants released from DEPZ which is highly vulnerable for the species on that ecosystem.

Effectiveness of Amaranthus gangeticus in Arsenic Extraction from Soil

Abstract: Phytoremediation of heavy metal rich soil has become a practical approach nowadays. Though this method is very promising, it requires long time for complete remediation of contaminated soil. Assortment of appropriate plant for specific heavy metal is very important to decontaminate soil within short period of time. The present study was conducted on Amaranthus gangeticus , to find out its potential to remove arsenic (As) from soil within short period of time. Phytoremediation trail was followed by growing plants in varying concentrations of As contaminated soil and subsequently one month of plant growing period it removed 72%-81% of the total soil As. This species accomplish maximum accumulation capacity of 17934 mg/Kgin shoots and store 72%-78% metal in aerial parts. Several parameters that have an influence on phytoremediation potential such as time, concentration, bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were also calculated to investigate its appropriateness as effective hyperaccumulator.

Study the Effect of Chemical Reaction and Magnetic Field on Free Convection Boundary Layer Flow of Heat and Mass Transfer with Variable Prandtl Number

Abstract: The present problem is focused on the free convection heat and mass transfer flow of an electrically conducting incompressible viscous fluid about a semi-infinite vertical plate by the effect of chemical reaction and magnetic field under the action of heat absorption and variable Prandtl nnumber. The governing partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equation by applying local similarity transformation. Then the dimensionless ordinary differential equations are solved using shooting iteration technique along with Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The effects of magnetic parameter and chemical reaction parameter with variable Prandtl number on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed numerically and shown graphically. Therefore, the results of velocity field decreases for increasing values of magnetic parameter and chemical reaction parameter in both air and salt water. The temperature field decreases in the presence of magnetic parameter but increases for chemical reaction parameter in case of air and salt water. Also, the concentration profile is slightly increased for increasing the values of magnetic parameter but significant decreasing effect are observed for reaction parameter. Finally, the numerical values of the shear stress, rate of temperature and rate of concentration are also shown in a tabular form.

Electrical, Magnetic and Morphological Properties of E-Beam Evaporated Ni Thin Films

Abstract: Nickel (Ni) thin films in the thickness range 50−80 nm have been prepared by electron beam evaporation method at a base pressure of 4x10 -5 mbar on silicon and glass substrates. Some samples have been annealed at 573 K for 1.5 h in open air. The resistivity of Ni films on silicon substrate is higher than the resistivity of Ni films on glass substrate. The TCR of Ni films is found to be positive which indicates that the Ni samples are metallic in nature. Coercivity of Ni films increases with increasing film thickness. The coercivity of 80 nm as-deposited Ni film on glass substrate is found to be ~ 9 Oe. The rms value of the surface roughness of 150 nm as-deposited Ni film on glass substrate is ~12 nm and it becomes ~ 7 nm after annealing. On the other hand, the coercivity of 90 nm and 160 nm as-deposited Ni films on silicon substrate are 50 Oe and 85 Oe, respectively. The rms value of surface roughness of 120 nm as-deposited Ni film on Si substrate is ~ 16 nm. It becomes ~ 3 nm after annealing.

Rayleigh-Bénard Convection in Ferrofluids in the Microgravity Environment

Abstract: We have investigated stability of a ferrofluid in microgravity environment. We consider the effect of the spin viscosity, vortex viscosity, and magnetization relaxation. The eigenvalue problem is solved by employing the Chebyshev pseudospectral method and the results are discussed for all three boundary conditions: free-free, rigid-free and rigid-rigid. In the microgravity environment, the ferrofluid is more resilient to convection and, in general, for all boundary conditions requires higher temperature gradient for the threshold of the convection. It is found that a ferrofluid in microgravity environment is more stable, not only as compared to the case when gravity is present, but also in the pure viscous case.

Annual Journal Citation Indices: A Comparative Study

Abstract: We study the statistics of citations made to the indexed Science journals in the Journal Citation Reports during the period 2004-2013 using different measures. We consider different measures which quantify the impact of the journals. To our surprise, we find that the apparently uncorrelated measures, even when defined in an arbitrary manner, show strong correlations. This is checked over all the years considered. Impact factor being one of these measures, the present work raises the question whether it is actually a nearly perfect index as claimed often. In addition we study the distributions of the different indices which also behave similarly.

Contribution and Citation Impact of Eight New IITs: A Scientometric Assessment of their Publications during 2010-14

Abstract: This paper analyzes 3656 research publications of the eight new Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) as covered in Scopus International database covering the period 2010-14 with the purpose to understand their comparative performance in research. The findings reveal that publications of eight new IITs increased at an annual average rate of 68.78% and registered an average citation impact per paper of 4.63. About 35.39% and 28.34% publications of eight new IITs resulted from national and international collaboration respectively during 2010-14. The major areas of research across eight new IITs were engineering, physics & astronomy, computer science, materials science and chemistry, constituting institutional publication share of 34.85%, 27.05%, 25.16%, 22.16% and 18.90% in their total output during 2010-14. Mathematics, chemical engineering, energy, biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology, social sciences and medicine constituted as the 6 medium productive subject areas of new IITs with institutional share of 11.41%, 9.05%, 6.35%, 6.18%, 5.44% and 4.68% during 2010-14. Thirty five (35) significant authors across eight new IITs together accounted for 41.68% share in the total output of IITs during 2010-14. About 26 high cited papers were published by these eight new IITs, which received 50 and above citations per paper in five years. Amongst these 26 papers, 17 received 50 to 99 citations and 9 other 100-226 citations per paper.Twenty six highly cited papers (17 papers in citation range 50-99 and 9 papers in citation range 100 to 276) together received 2392 citations, registering an average citation per paper of 92.0.

Spectroscopic Study of Interactions of Metal Complexes, Metal Salts and Amino Acids with Anionic Surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) Using Surfactant-Solute-PAN Dye Ternary Systems

Abstract: The study of micellar behavior of SDS in presence of additives such as metal (Fe, Cu, Co, Zn) phendione complexes, calcium salts and amino acids in aqueous solutions in surfactant-solute-1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol(PAN) dye ternary systems were carried out by measuring the absorbance of PAN at 470 nm. The complexes [Fe(phendione) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 2 ·2H 2 O, [Co(phendione) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 2 ·3H 2 O, and [Cu(phendione) 2 ] (ClO 4 ) 2 ·2H 2 O, decreased the CMC value of SDS from 8 mM to 0.70 mM, 0.40 mM, and 1.0 mM, respectively. In presence of calcium salts (CaCl 2 , CaF 2 , calcium acetate, calcium oxalate·H 2 O) the CMC of SDS decreased. The study of interaction of amino acids with anionic surfactant SDS provides important information about protein-surfactant and peptide-surfactant interaction in aqueous environment. In the present study glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-histidine, L-leucine, L-lysine have been used as additives in SDS aqueous solution which also decreased the CMC of SDS. The thermodynamic parameters for each series were obtained from absorbance versus concentration curves. Among the series more negative values for ∆G 0 mic of SDS are observed for the metal complexes. Amino acids series as well as metal salts show similar negative values for ∆G 0 mic of SDS. Negative values of ∆G 0 mic indicated that the process of micellization is thermodynamically favorable.

Thermoconvective Stability of a Ferrofluids in Presence of Magnetic Field

Abstract: We have carried out a theoretical analysis of the linear thermoconvective stability of a ferrofluid, which is confined between two horizontal plates maintained at different constant temperatures and which is subject to an external uniform magnetic field in the vertical direction. The effects of the spin viscosity, vortex viscosity and magnetization relaxation are considered and discussed. The eigenvalue problem is solved by employing the Chebyshev pseudospectral method. It is found that the presence of magnetic field complements the buoyancy force in destabilizing the fluid at lower values of the magnetic field only and when the applied field is increased, the effect is reversed and the flow becomes more stable.

Adapted Factor-Type Imputation Strategies

Abstract: The present paper provides alternative improved Factor-Type (F-T) estimators of population mean in presence of item non-response for the practitioners. The proposed estimators have been shown to be more efficient than the four existing estimators which are more efficient than the usual ratio and the mean estimators. Optimum conditions for minimum mean squared error are obtained for the new estimators. Empirical comparisons based on three different data sets establish that the proposed estimators record least mean squared error and hence a substantial gain in Percentage Relative Efficiency (P.R.E.), over these five contemporary estimators.