Сборник ведущих социологов и социальных теоретиков из США и Западной Европы, представляющих новую практическую парадигму, своего рода коллективный манифест прагматического поворота. Авторы позиционируют практическую парадигму относительно структурализма, герменевтики, семиотики. В книге обсуждается природа практического и неявного знания, навыков и практик, которые составляют фон социального порядка и поддерживают общую для любого коллектива систему смыслов.

The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory

The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that \"the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion\" (p. 449). Since we are aware of a variety of feeling and emotion states, it should follow from James' proposition that the various emotions will be accompanied by a variety of differentiable bodily states. Following James' pronouncement, a formidable number of studies were undertaken in search of the physiological differentiators of the emotions. The results, in these early days, were almost uniformly negative. All of the emotional states experi-

"Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state": Erratum

In this innovative book, a well-known feminist and sociologist-who is also the founding editor of Gender & Society-challenges our most basic assumptions about gender. Judith Lorber argues that gender is wholly a product of socialization, subject to human agency, organization, and interpretation, and that it is a social institution comparable to the economy, the family, and religion in its significance and consequences. Calling into question the inevitability and necessity of gender, she envisions a society structured for equality, where no gender, racial ethnic, or social class group is allowed to monopolize positions of power.

Paradoxes of gender

A classic problem common to sociology and other social sciences revolves around how people make decisions. Some recent approaches start with and revise an individually focused, rational action framework. While this orientation to building transdisciplinary, multilevel models provides many insights, it fails to capture essential features of social life. The social organization strategy (SOS) framework presented in this article offers a complementary approach to social action in general and decision making in particular. This orientation, a network and event-centered counterpart to rational choice, rests on fundamental principles that distinguish the discipline of sociology: social interaction is the basis of social life, and social networks provide the mechanism (interaction) through which individuals learn about, come to understand, and attempt to handle difficulties. This approach shifts the from individual "choice" to socially constructed patterns of decisions, including consultation with others. Utiliz...

Beyond Rational Choice: The Social Dynamics of How People Seek Help

Preface and acknowledgments Introduction 1. Explanation and dialectics Part I. Philosophy and Economics: 2. Philosophical anthropology 3. Economics 4. Exploitation, freedom and justice Part II. Theory of History: 5. Modes of production 6. Classes 7. Politics and the state 8. Ideologies 9. Capitalism, communism and revolution Conclusion references Index of names index of subjects.

Making Sense of Marx

Within the micro-macro debate, ethnomethodology is generally cast as microsociology. This is misleading given that ethnomethodology is indifferent to structure at any level. Instead, ethnomethodology transcends the terms of the debate with a focus on empirical social practices whereby both microstructure and macrostructure are produced by and for the membership. This is also true of conversation analysis. Modifying Collins's "interaction ritual chains" to include this indifference to structure expands ethnomethodological understanding as well as Collins's theory.

Ethnomethodology and the Micro-Macro Order

Thispaper examines Marxism's claim to be a science. Thefirst part considers possible models of science and argues that the most coherent is Imre Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programs. In his conception scientific knowledge grows on the basis of a hard core ofpostulates which are protectedfrom refutation by the development of a series of auxiliary theories. Such a research program is progressive rather than degenerating if successive theories are consistent with the core, explain anomalies and make predictions, some of which are realized. In the second part I argue that with some qualifications the history of Marxism -from Marx and Engels, to German Marxism, to Russian Marxism, andfinally to Western Marxism-conforms to the model of a progressive research program. In the thirdpartlclaim that deviations from the model, such as Soviet Marxism, are due to the breakdown of the reciprocal interaction between Marxism's heuristics and historical challenges.

Marxism as Science: Historical Challenges and Theoretical Growth

The Classical Roots of Ethnomethodology: Durkheim, Weber and Garfinkel

Anomie is one of the few uniquely sociological concepts (Parsons 1968). Yet it continues to be shrouded in conceptual difficulty (Shoham and Grahame 1982). Doubts revolve around the identification and measurement of anomie and its status "outside" of individuals, independent of individuals, with phenomenal and behavioral consequences for individuals (Schacht 1982; Seeman 1982). Our purpose in this paper is to address this confusion by way of clarification, to locate anomie as an empirically available phenomenon, and to recover anomie theory from the classics and put it to work on behalf of recent trends in sociological theory. We begin in the first section with a reading of Durkheim's sociology which leads us to the conclusion that anomie as moral deregulation is simultaneously the withdrawal of reality and of the possibility of objective experience. In the second section we review recent developments in sociology, specifically a broad area that hangs together loosely as reality construction theory, with special attention to ethnomethodology. We shall argue that reality withdrawal amounts to trouble in the social production of reality. In the third section we probe three empirical examples of anomie as we have formulated it and describe the consequences anomie necessarily has for the individual. Finally we conclude with a discussion of the misgivings concerning anomie theory cited above and how our reformulation addresses these misgivings.

/pdf/anomie-and-the-moral-regulation-of-reality-the-durkheimian-57l7fo5evy.pdf

Richard A. Hilbert

Papers

Ethnomethodology and the Micro-Macro Order

Marxism as Science: Historical Challenges and Theoretical Growth

The Classical Roots of Ethnomethodology: Durkheim, Weber and Garfinkel

Anomie and the moral regulation of reality: The Durkheimian tradition in modern relief

Toward an improved understanding of “role”