Showing papers by "Richard A. Staff published in 2013"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe and characterise these tephras based on major element glass composition, which is useful for the identification and correlation of these tectras and the age models of the records in which they are found.
166 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 10 grains of broomcorn millet were directly dated by AMS and showed that the millet grains were significantly younger than the contexts in which they had been found, and that the hypothesis of an early transmission of the crop from east to west could not be sustained.
Abstract: The majority of the early crops grown in Europe had their origins in south-west Asia, and were part of a package of domestic plants and animals that were introduced by the first farmers. Broomcorn millet, however, offers a very different narrative, being domesticated first in China, but present in Eastern Europe apparently as early as the sixth millennium BC. Might this be evidence of long-distance contact between east and west, long before there is any other evidence for such connections? Or is the existing chronology faulty in some way? To resolve that question, 10 grains of broomcorn millet were directly dated by AMS, taking advantage of the increasing ability to date smaller and smaller samples. These showed that the millet grains were significantly younger than the contexts in which they had been found, and that the hypothesis of an early transmission of the crop from east to west could not be sustained. The importance of direct dating of crop remains such as these is underlined.
165 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) Younger Dryas (YD) research project aims to undertake Δ14C analysis of ∼140 decadal floating wood samples spanning the time interval ∼13.1-11.7 kyr cal BP.
Abstract: Wc describe here the New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) Younger Dryas (YD) research project, which aims to undertake Δ14C analysis of ∼140 decadal floating wood samples spanning the time interval ∼13.1–11.7 kyr cal BP. We report 14C intercomparison measurements being undertaken by the carbon dating laboratories at University of Waikato (Wk), University of California at Irvine (UCI), and University of Oxford (OxA). The Wk, UCI, and OxA laboratories show very good agreement with an interlaboratory comparison of 12 successive decadal kauri samples (average offsets from consensus values of –7 to +4 14C yr). A University of Waikato/University of Heidelberg (HD) intercomparison involving measurement of the YD-age Swiss larch tree Ollon505, shows a HD/Wk offset of ∼10–20 14C yr (HD younger), and strong evidence that the positioning of the Ollon505 series is incorrect, with a recommendation that the 14C analyses be removed from the IntCal calibration database.
39 citations
University of Oxford1, Newcastle University2, Aberystwyth University3, Natural Environment Research Council4, Nagoya University5, Royal Holloway, University of London6, Free University of Berlin7, Osaka City University8, Chiba University9, Korean Council for University Education10, University of Tokyo11
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the linkage of the floating Lake Suigetsu (SG06) varve chronology and the absolute (IntCal09 tree-ring) time scale, as derived using radiocarbon data from the uppermost (non-varved) portion of the core.
Abstract: The varved sediment of Lake Suigetsu (central Japan) provides a valuable opportunity to obtain high-resolution, multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental data across the last glacial/interglacial cycle. In order to maximize the potential of this archive, a well-constrained chronology is required. This paper outlines the multiple geochronological techniques being applied – namely varve counting, radiocarbon dating, tephrochronology (including argon–argon dating) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) – and the approaches by which these techniques are being integrated to form a single, coherent, robust chronology. Importantly, we also describe here the linkage of the floating Lake Suigetsu (SG06) varve chronology and the absolute (IntCal09 tree-ring) time scale, as derived using radiocarbon data from the uppermost (non-varved) portion of the core. This tie-point, defined as a distinct (flood) marker horizon in SG06 (event layer B-07–08 at 1397.4 cm composite depth), is thus derived to be 11 255 to 11 222 IntCal09 cal. years BP (68.2% probability range).
32 citations
University of Oxford1, University of Newcastle2, Aberystwyth University3, Scottish Enterprise4, Nagoya University5, University of Groningen6, Royal Holloway, University of London7, Free University of Berlin8, Osaka City University9, Chiba University of Commerce10, Naruto University of Education11, University of Tokyo12
TL;DR: In this paper, the multiple chronological techniques applied to the Lake Suigetsu SG06 sediment core, central Japan: Multiple chronological techniques on the lake suigetsu sediment core was presented.
Abstract: Staff, R. A., Nakagawa, T., Schlolaut, G., Marshall, M. H., Brauer, A., Lamb, H. F., Bronk Ramsey, C., Bryant, C. L., Brock, F., Kitagawa, H., Van Der Plicht, J., Payne, R. L., Smith, V. C., Mark, D. F., Macleod, A., Blockley, S. P. E., Schwenninger, J., Tarasov, P. E., Haraguchi, T., Gotanda, K., Yonenobu, H., Yokoyama, Y. (2013). The multiple chronological techniques applied to the Lake Suigetsu SG06 sediment core, central Japan: Multiple chronological techniques on the Lake Suigetsu SG06 sediment core, Japan. Boreas, 42 (2), 259-266.
32 citations
TL;DR: Nakagawa et al. as discussed by the authors used the varved sediment profile of Lake Suigetsu, central Japan, to derive a terrestrial record of atmospheric radiocarbon across the entire range of the 14C dating method.
Abstract: The varved sediment profile of Lake Suigetsu, central Japan, offers an ideal opportunity from which to derive a terrestrial record of atmospheric radiocarbon across the entire range of the 14C dating method. Previous work by Kitagawa and van der Plicht (1998a,b, 2000) provided such a data set; however, problems with the varve-based age scale of their SG93 sediment core precluded the use of this data set for 14C calibration purposes. Lake Suigetsu was re-cored in summer 2006, with the retrieval of overlapping sediment cores from 4 parallel boreholes enabling complete recovery of the sediment profile for the present "Suigetsu Varves 2006" project (Nakagawa et al. 2012). Over 550 14C determinations have been obtained from terrestrial plant macrofossils picked from the latter SG06 composite sediment core, which, coupled with the core's indepen- dent varve chronology, provides the only non-reservoir-corrected 14C calibration data set across the 14C dating range. Here, physical matching of archive U-channel sediment from SG93 to the continuous SG06 sediment profile is presented. We show the excellent agreement between the respective projects' 14C data sets, allowing the integration of 243 14C determina- tions from the original SG93 project into a composite Lake Suigetsu 14C calibration data set comprising 808 individual 14C determinations, spanning the last 52,800 cal yr.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Bayesian age-depth model was constructed for two Late Quaternary aged fossil-bearing sedimentary sequences from caves in south eastern South Australia, and the models enabled the relationships within and between the two sites to be established.
11 citations
2 citations