Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

Demand has never been greater for revolutionary technologies that deliver fast, inexpensive and accurate genome information. This challenge has catalysed the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. The inexpensive production of large volumes of sequence data is the primary advantage over conventional methods. Here, I present a technical review of template preparation, sequencing and imaging, genome alignment and assembly approaches, and recent advances in current and near-term commercially available NGS instruments. I also outline the broad range of applications for NGS technologies, in addition to providing guidelines for platform selection to address biological questions of interest.

/pdf/sequencing-technologies-the-next-generation-599pyrfdla.pdf

Sequencing technologies-the next generation

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

Thiol methyltransferase (TMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of aliphatic sulfhydryl drugs and xenobiotic compounds. It would be useful if there were an experimental animal model in which the regulation and function of TMT could be studied. Therefore, TMT activity was measured in hepatic microsomes from A/J mice. Substrate kinetics for mouse liver microsomal TMT, like those for the enzyme in human red blood cell membranes and human kidney microsomes, were biphasic, with apparent "high" and "low" affinity forms of TMT with 2-mercaptoethanol as the methyl acceptor substrate. Apparent Michaelis (Km) constants of the high and low affinity activities for 2-mercaptoethanol were 30 microM and 12 mM, respectively. Apparent Km values of the high and low affinity activities for S-adenosyl-L-methionine, the methyl donor for the reaction, were 47 microM and 61 microM, respectively. The optimal pH for the high affinity activity was between 7.2 and 8.1, whereas the optimal pH for the low affinity activity was approximately 9.2. Differential centrifugation showed that more than 85% of both activities was associated with membrane fractions. SKF 525A, a potent inhibitor of TMT in human tissues, inhibited mouse liver high and low affinity TMT activities by 88% and 46%, respectively, at a concentration of 0.5 mM. TMT activities were then measured in hepatic microsomes from nine additional inbred strains of mice. High affinity TMT activities varied 1.7-fold, whereas low affinity activities varied 2.1-fold among these strains. Since the properties of TMT in mouse liver are similar to those of the enzyme in human tissue, the inbred mouse will be a useful experimental animal model in which to study the regulation and function of TMT.

Mouse liver thiol methyltransferase. Assay conditions, biochemical properties, and strain variation.

Integration of machine learning and pharmacogenomic biomarkers for predicting response to antidepressant treatment: can computational intelligence be used to augment clinical assessments?

Dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity in serum

Human thiopurine methyltransferase

We previously reported that testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein (TSPYLs) are transcription regulators for CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. Here, we observed dual roles for TSPYLs in mediating serotonin transport and the metabolism of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The widely prescribed SSRIs, citalopram, and escitalopram are metabolized mainly by CYP2C19. The TSPYL1 rs3828743 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which decreases its suppression of CYP2C19 expression, was associated with rapid escitalopram metabolism and worse treatment response in the Mayo PGRN-AMPS clinical trial. We also found that TSPYLs can regulate expression of the serotonin transporter protein, SLC6A4, and, in turn, serotonin transport into cells. The SNPs in tight linkage disequilibrium with the TSPYL1 rs10223646 SNP were significantly correlated with baseline severity of depression in patients with MDD in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression and International SSRI Pharmacogenomics Consortium clinical trials. Our findings suggest that genetic variation in TSPYL genes may be novel indicators for baseline severity of depression and SSRI poor response.

https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpt.1692

Dual Roles for the TSPYL Family in Mediating Serotonin Transport and the Metabolism of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

Richard M. Weinshilboum

Papers

Mouse liver thiol methyltransferase. Assay conditions, biochemical properties, and strain variation.

Integration of machine learning and pharmacogenomic biomarkers for predicting response to antidepressant treatment: can computational intelligence be used to augment clinical assessments?

Dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity in serum

Human thiopurine methyltransferase

Dual Roles for the TSPYL Family in Mediating Serotonin Transport and the Metabolism of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.