Rick A. Relyea

TL;DR: An expanding body of work is highlighted that examines how plasticity can affect all levels of ecological organization through effects on demographic parameters, direct and indirect species interactions, such as competition, predation, and coexistence, and ultimately carbon and nutrient cycles.

TL;DR: This study represents one of the most extensive experimental inves- tigations of pesticide effects on aquatic communities and offers a comprehensive perspective on the impacts of pesticides when nontarget organisms are examined under ecologically relevant conditions.

TL;DR: This study examines predator-induced phe- notypic plasticity in tadpoles by observing how six species of larval anurans respond to five different predator environments in 11 different traits, and finds that differentAnurans possess similar degrees of plasticity for most of their traits when reared in a large number of environments.

TL;DR: Conclusions from studies that measure the costs of plasticity have been equivocal, but it is cautioned that these conclusions may be premature owing to a potentially common correlation between environment-specific trait values and the magnitude of trait plasticities that results in imprecise and/or biased estimates of the costs.

TL;DR: This article assesses how pesticides affect freshwater systems by applying the conceptual framework of density- and trait-mediated indirect effects from the field of basic ecology and demonstrates the utility of this framework for understanding the conditions under which pesticides affect species interactions, communities and ecosystems.