자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Resena de la obra de Don A. Dillman, Jolene D. Smyth y Leah Melani Christian: Internet, Phone, Mail and Mixed-Mode Surveys. The Tailored Design Method. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7287796.pdf

Internet, phone, mail and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method: reseña

The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis and Generation of Evidence, 6th Ed., N. Burns, S.K. Grove. Saunders Elsevier, St Louis, Missouri (2009). ISBN: 9781416054689 – hbk, £45.99

Linear Regression Analysis

Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgment and Ethics

Background. Self-assessment assists nurses to maintain and improve their practice by identifying their strengths and areas that may need to be further developed. Professional competence profiles encourage them to take an active part in the learning process of continuing education. Although competence recognition offers a way to motivate practising nurses to produce quality care, few measuring tools are available for this purpose.

Aim.  This paper describes the development and testing of the Nurse Competence Scale, an instrument with which the level of nurse competence can be assessed in different hospital work environments.

Methods.  The categories of the Nurse Competence Scale were derived from Benner's From Novice to Expert competency framework. A seven-step approach, including literature review and six expert groups, was used to identify and validate the indicators of nurse competence. After a pilot test, psychometric testing of the Nurse Competence Scale (content, construct and concurrent validity, and internal consistency) was undertaken with 498 nurses. The 73-item scale consists of seven categories, with responses on a visual analogy scale format. The frequency of using competencies was additionally tested with a four-point scale.

Results.  Self-assessed overall scores indicated a high level of competence across categories. The Nurse Competence Scale data were normally distributed. The higher the frequency of using competencies, the higher was the self-assessed level of competence. Age and length of work experience had a positive but not very strong correlation with level of competence. According to the item analysis, the categories of the Nurse Competence Scale showed good internal consistency.

Conclusion.  The results provide strong evidence of the reliability and validity of the Nurse Competence Scale.

Nurse competence scale: development and psychometric testing.

Aim This study examines nurses’ perceptions of competence in different university hospital work environments.

Background  Nurses’ self-recognition of own level of competence is essential in maintaining high standards of care. The demands for nurse competence may vary between work environments. However, there are very few studies that compare nurse competence in different hospital work environments.

Methods  We analysed self-assessments of competence of 593 Registered Nurses working in wards, emergency/outpatient or intensive care units or in operation rooms. The instrument used was a pretested 73-item questionnaire consisting of seven competence categories. The level of competence was assessed on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale of 0–100 and the frequency of using items of competencies in clinical practice was assessed on a four-point scale.

Results  Nurses reported their overall level of competence as good. They felt most competent in the categories of Managing situations, Diagnostic functions and Helping role (VAS-means 68–69), and least competent in Ensuring quality category (VAS-mean 56). Operation room nurses compared with other nurses reported lower level of competence and lower frequency of using items of competencies in several competence categories. In general, the self-assessed level of competence was greater the higher the frequency of using of competencies. Correlations between both age and length of work experience and the self-assessed overall level of competence were positive.

Conclusions  Nurse competence profiles differed in both the level of and in frequency of using competencies between work environments. Context-specific knowledge of nurse competence from real work life situations provides direction on how to structure work environments and staff development interventions to provide qualified care.

Comparison of nurse competence in different hospital work environments.

Background Preceptorship is an essential method of supporting nurse competence, guaranteeing high quality care and increasing job satisfaction.

Aim  To describe recently registered nurses’ perceptions of their competence level, and to identify factors influencing these perceptions.

Method  The survey was conducted by using Meretoja's Nurse Competence Scale. The sample comprised 235 registered nurses working in intensive and emergency settings. The data were analysed by using statistical methods.

Results  Nurses’ self-assessed competence level ranged from moderate to good. A statistically significant association was seen between competence level and age, length of current work experience and the frequency of using competencies.

Conclusions  The results shed useful light on the educational needs of nurses and provide important clues for the development of preceptorship programmes. The Nurse Competence Scale proved to be a reliable and valid instrument in assessing the competence of recently registered nurses.

Implications for nursing management  We recommend that management strategies be developed to enhance and support positive learning environments for competence development. We recommend preceptorship programmes based on systematic competence assessments made by nurses themselves, their preceptors and managers.

Competence profiles of recently registered nurses working in intensive and emergency settings.

Aim
The aim of this study was to report a systematic and psychometric review.

Background
The Nurse Competence Scale is currently the most widely used generic instrument to measure Registered Nurses’ competence in different phases of their careers. Based on a decade of research, this review provides a summary of the existing evidence.

Design
A systematic literature review of research evidence and psychometric properties.

Data sources
Nine databases from 2004 - October 2015.

Review methods
We retrieved scientific publications in English and Finnish. Two researchers performed data selection and appraised the methodological quality using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments checklist.

Results
A total of 30 studies reported in 43 publications were included. These consisted of over 11,000 competence assessments. Twenty studies were from Europe and 10 from outside Europe. In addition to experienced nurses, the Nurse Competence Scale has been used for the competence assessment of newly graduated nurses and nursing students, mainly in hospital settings. Length of work experience, age, higher education, permanent employment and participation in educational programmes correlated positively with competence. Variables including empowerment, commitment, practice environment, quality of care and critical thinking were also associated with higher competence. The Nurse Competence Scale has demonstrated good content validity and appropriate internal consistency.

Conclusion
The value of Nurse Competence Scale has been confirmed in determining relationships between background variables and competence. The instrument has been widely used with experienced and newly graduated nurses and their managers. Cross-cultural validation must be continued using rigorous methods.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jan.13183

Nurse Competence Scale: a systematic and psychometric review

This study compares nurse and manager assessments of nurse competence in a university hospital setting. Although managers carry out annual reviews, few studies have examined the agreement between the competence assessments made by practising nurses and their managers. Using a pretested 73-item questionnaire, consisting of seven competence categories, we compared self-assessments and manager assessments of the level of nurse competence on a Visual Analogue Scale of 0-100 and the frequency of using competencies by using statistical analyses. Managers assessed the overall level of competence (70.8 +/- 19.3 vs. 63.9 +/- 13.7) (mean +/- SD) and the level of competence in five competence categories significantly higher than the nurses themselves. A high degree of agreement was found between the assessments for the frequency of using competencies. These results can be used to encourage nurses and to improve the quality of care in different hospital work environments.

Riitta Meretoja

Papers

Nurse competence scale: development and psychometric testing.

Comparison of nurse competence in different hospital work environments.

Competence profiles of recently registered nurses working in intensive and emergency settings.

Nurse Competence Scale: a systematic and psychometric review

Comparison of competence assessments made by nurse managers and practising nurses.