Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a metastable form of amorphous carbon with significant sp3 bonding. DLC is a semiconductor with a high mechanical hardness, chemical inertness, and optical transparency. This review will describe the deposition methods, deposition mechanisms, characterisation methods, electronic structure, gap states, defects, doping, luminescence, field emission, mechanical properties and some applications of DLCs. The films have widespread applications as protective coatings in areas, such as magnetic storage disks, optical windows and micro-electromechanical devices (MEMs).

/pdf/diamond-like-amorphous-carbon-3pczopr0z7.pdf

Diamond-like amorphous carbon

BiFeO3 is perhaps the only material that is both magnetic and a strong ferroelectric at room temperature. As a result, it has had an impact on the field of multiferroics that is comparable to that of yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) on superconductors, with hundreds of publications devoted to it in the past few years. In this Review, we try to summarize both the basic physics and unresolved aspects of BiFeO3 (which are still being discovered with several new phase transitions reported in the past few months) and device applications, which center on spintronics and memory devices that can be addressed both electrically and magnetically.

Physics and Applications of Bismuth Ferrite

http://experimentationlab.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/AFMImages/butt_AFM.pdf

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

We report a non-Pb piezoelectric ceramic system Ba(Ti(0.8)Zr(0.2))O(3)-(Ba(0.7)Ca(0.3))TiO(3) which shows a surprisingly high piezoelectric coefficient of d(33) approximately 620 pC/N at optimal composition. Its phase diagram shows a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) starting from a tricritical triple point of a cubic paraelectric phase (C), ferroelectric rhombohedral (R), and tetragonal (T) phases. The high piezoelectricity of the MPB compositions stems from the composition proximity of the MPB to the tricritical triple point, which leads to a nearly vanishing polarization anisotropy and thus facilitates polarization rotation between 001T and 111R states. We predict that the single-crystal form of the MPB composition of the present system may reach a giant d(33) = 1500-2000 pC/N. Our work may provide a new recipe for designing highly piezoelectric materials (both Pb-free and Pb-containing) by searching MPBs starting from a TCP.

Large Piezoelectric Effect in Pb-Free Ceramics

The14N NMR spectra and spin-lattice relaxation timeT
1 of [N(CH3)4]2ZnI4 have been studied between room temperature and 200 K. Two phase transitions atT

 c
 1=255 K and atT

 c
 1=217 K are observed. The14N NMR lineshape andT
1 data suggest that the intermediate phase is commensurate rather than incommensurate in spite of the presence of a Lifshitz invariant in the expansion of the free energy density in powers of the order parameter. We also discuss the phenomenological theory of structural phase transitions in [N(CH3)4]2ZnI4.

14N NMR study and Landau theory of phase transitions in [N(CH3)4]2ZnI4

Infrared spectra of powdered Rb3H(SO4)2, Rb3D(SO4)2 and isomorphous potassium salts have been recorded between 280 and 20 K in the range 2000–400 cm−1. Only two observations in the infrared spectra that appear to be most relevant to the problem of the large isotope effect are discussed. The first one is the extremely broad OH stretching absorption, which is temperature and mass independent and the other one is the Evans transmission near 940 cm−1 which shows strong temperature dependence. The observed temperature effects are not in agreement with the proposed proton localization at the H-bond centre.

Isotope effects in Rb3H(SO4)2 type crystals: Is the proton in the centre of the H bond?

On the specific heat anomaly in ferroelectric Rochelle salt

EPR study of the role of ionic displacement on the ferroelastic-antiferroelectric transition of KD 3 (SeO 3 ) 2

A deuteron NMR study of a pentylcyanobiphenil (5CB) liquid crystal confined in controlled pore glass (CPG) matrices of different pore diameters 2R between 7 nm and 400 nm has been performed. The paranematic-nematic (P-N) phase transition seems to be gradual in pores with 2R ≤ 24 nm and discontinuous in larger pores. Possible reasons for the observed temperature shift Δ and qualitative change of the phase transition are analyzed using a simple phenomenological approach. The theoretical analysis suggests that both surface interaction and elastic distortions significantly influence the ΔT= ΔT(R) dependence obtained in CPG samples.

Robert Blinc

Papers

14N NMR study and Landau theory of phase transitions in [N(CH3)4]2ZnI4

Isotope effects in Rb3H(SO4)2 type crystals: Is the proton in the centre of the H bond?

On the specific heat anomaly in ferroelectric Rochelle salt

EPR study of the role of ionic displacement on the ferroelastic-antiferroelectric transition of KD 3 (SeO 3 ) 2

Paranematic-Nematic Phase Transition of a Liquid Crystal Confined to a Controlled Porous Glass