Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts with melting points near room temperature (or by convention below 100 degrees C). Recently, their unique materials and solvent properties and the growing interest in a sustainable, "green" chemistry has led to an amazing increase in interest in such salts. A huge number of potential cation and anion families and their many substitution patterns allows the desired properties for specific applications to be selected. Because it is impossible to experimentally investigate even a small fraction of the potential cation-anion combinations, a molecular-based understanding of their properties is crucial. However, the unusual complexity of their intermolecular interactions renders molecular-based interpretations difficult, and gives rise to many controversies, speculations, and even myths about the properties that ILs allegedly possess. Herein the current knowledge about the molecular foundations of IL behavior is discussed.

Understanding Ionic Liquids at the Molecular Level: Facts, Problems, and Controversies

Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers

https://www.chem.ccu.edu.tw/~joyce/referance/ericyang/Coord.%20Chem.%20Rev/Coord.%20Chem.%20Rev.%202004,%20248,%202337-2364.pdf

Copper in cross-coupling reactions: The post-Ullmann chemistry

Therapeutic oligonucleotide analogues which have improved nuclease resistance and improved cellular uptake are provided. Replacement of the normal phosphorodiester inter-sugar linkages found in natural oligomers with four atom linking groups forms unique di- and poly-nucleosides and nucleotides useful in regulating RNA expression and in therapeutics. Methods of synthesis and use are also disclosed.

Backbone modified oligonucleotide analogues

A review of the biomaterials technologies for infection-resistant surfaces.

Die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Phosphaten und ihren Phosphonsaure-Analoga werden erortert.

Phosphonates as analogues of natural phosphates

Optically active phosphorus compounds, Tsuneo Imamoto developments in the preparation and use of silicon-containing organophosphorus compounds, John Thottathil the Perkow and related reactions, Grace Borowitz and Irving J. Borowitz nonhydrolytic cleavage of phosphorus esters, Robert Engel the reduction of quinquevalent phosphorus to the trivalent state, Robert Engel phosphorus containing umpolung reagents, Adel Amer and Hans Zimmer alpha-substituted phosphonates, Przemyslaw Mastalerz some aspects of H-phosphonate chemistry, Jacek Stawinski advances in 31P NMR, David G. Gorenstien phospholes and related compounds, Alan Hughes the use of carbon-phosphorus analogue compounds in the regulation of biological processes, Robert Engel glycerophospholipids - some reliable and recent syntheses, Luis Vargas the application of phosphinyl-stabilized ylids and carbanions in the synthesis of phosphonates and phosphinates of biological interest, Ronald W. McClard and John F. Witte phosphorus-based flame retardants, Edward D. Weil aliphatic carbon-phosphorus compounds as herbicides, James A. Sikorski and Eugene W. Logusch phosphorus containing insecticides, Morifusa Eto.

Handbook of organophosphorus chemistry

Preparation of ionic liquid based solid-phase microextraction fiber and its application to forensic determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human urine.

Robert Engel

Papers

Phosphonates as analogues of natural phosphates

Handbook of organophosphorus chemistry

Preparation of ionic liquid based solid-phase microextraction fiber and its application to forensic determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human urine.

Preparation and investigation of antibacterial carbohydrate-based surfaces.

Effects of functional group substitution on electron spectra and solvation dynamics in a family of ionic liquids