Computational Fluid Dynamics: Principles and Applications, Third Edition presents students, engineers, and scientists with all they need to gain a solid understanding of the numerical methods and principles underlying modern computation techniques in fluid dynamics By providing complete coverage of the essential knowledge required in order to write codes or understand commercial codes, the book gives the reader an overview of fundamentals and solution strategies in the early chapters before moving on to cover the details of different solution techniques

	This updated edition includes new worked programming examples, expanded coverage and recent literature regarding incompressible flows, the Discontinuous Galerkin Method, the Lattice Boltzmann Method, higher-order spatial schemes, implicit Runge-Kutta methods and parallelization

	An accompanying companion website contains the sources of 1-D and 2-D Euler and Navier-Stokes flow solvers (structured and unstructured) and grid generators, along with tools for Von Neumann stability analysis of 1-D model equations and examples of various parallelization techniques



	
		Will provide you with the knowledge required to develop and understand modern flow simulation codes
	
		Features new worked programming examples and expanded coverage of incompressible flows, implicit Runge-Kutta methods and code parallelization, among other topics
	
		Includes accompanying companion website that contains the sources of 1-D and 2-D flow solvers as well as grid generators and examples of parallelization techniques

Computational Fluid Dynamics: Principles and Applications Ed. 3

The majority of patients with cancer undergo at least one surgical procedure as part of their treatment. Severe postsurgical infection is associated with adverse oncologic outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils, which function as the first line of defense during infections, facilitate cancer progression. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular neutrophil-derived DNA webs released in response to inflammatory cues that trap and kill invading pathogens. The role of NETs in cancer progression is entirely unknown. We report that circulating tumor cells become trapped within NETs in vitro under static and dynamic conditions. In a murine model of infection using cecal ligation and puncture, we demonstrated microvascular NET deposition and consequent trapping of circulating lung carcinoma cells within DNA webs. NET trapping was associated with increased formation of hepatic micrometastases at 48 hours and gross metastatic disease burden at 2 weeks following tumor cell injection. These effects were abrogated by NET inhibition with DNAse or a neutrophil elastase inhibitor. These findings implicate NETs in the process of cancer metastasis in the context of systemic infection and identify NETs as potential therapeutic targets.

/pdf/neutrophil-extracellular-traps-sequester-circulating-tumor-w9z5gtkjqe.pdf

Neutrophil extracellular traps sequester circulating tumor cells and promote metastasis

http://scripts.cac.psu.edu/users/r/f/rfk102/PROF/AIAACFD99paper/AIAAcfd99.pdf

A preconditioned Navier–Stokes method for two-phase flows with application to cavitation prediction

Cell adhesion is essential in cell communication and regulation, and is of fundamental importance in the development and maintenance of tissues. The mechanical interactions between a cell and its extracellular matrix (ECM) can influence and control cell behavior and function. The essential function of cell adhesion has created tremendous interests in developing methods for measuring and studying cell adhesion properties. The study of cell adhesion could be categorized into cell adhesion attachment and detachment events. The study of cell adhesion has been widely explored via both events for many important purposes in cellular biology, biomedical, and engineering fields. Cell adhesion attachment and detachment events could be further grouped into the cell population and single cell approach. Various techniques to measure cell adhesion have been applied to many fields of study in order to gain understanding of cell signaling pathways, biomaterial studies for implantable sensors, artificial bone and tooth replacement, the development of tissue-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip in tissue engineering, the effects of biochemical treatments and environmental stimuli to the cell adhesion, the potential of drug treatments, cancer metastasis study, and the determination of the adhesion properties of normal and cancerous cells. This review discussed the overview of the available methods to study cell adhesion through attachment and detachment events.

A Review of Cell Adhesion Studies for Biomedical and Biological Applications

The lubrication of external liquid flow with a bubbly mixture or gas layer has been the goal of engineers for many years, and this article presents the underlying principles and recent advances of this technology. It reviews the use of partial and supercavities for drag reduction of axisymmetric objects moving within a liquid. Partial cavity flows can also be used to reduce the friction drag on the nominally two-dimensional portions of a horizontal surface, and the basic flow features of two-dimensional cavities are presented. Injection of gas can lead to the creation of a bubbly mixture near the flow surface that can significantly modify the flow within the turbulent boundary layer, and there have been significant advances in the understanding of the underlying physical process of drag reduction. Moreover, with sufficient gas flux, the bubbles flowing beneath a solid surface can coalesce to form a thin drag-reducing air layer. The current applications of these techniques to underwater vehicles and surface ships are discussed.

Friction Drag Reduction of External Flows with Bubble and Gas Injection

A preconditioned navier-stokes method for two-phase flows with application to Cavitation prediction

An impeller includes a hub and a blade supported by the hub. The impeller has a stored configuration in which the blade is compressed so that its distal end moves towards the hub, and a deployed configuration in which the blade extends away from the hub. The impeller may be part of a pump for pumping fluids, such as blood, and may include a cannula having a proximal portion with a fixed diameter, and a distal portion with an expandable diameter. The impeller may reside in the expandable portion of the cannula. The cannula may have a compressed diameter which allows it to be inserted percutaneously into a patient. Once at a desired location, the expandable portion of the cannula may be expanded and the impeller expanded to the deployed configuration. A flexible drive shaft may extend through the cannula for rotationally driving the impeller within the patient.

Heart assist device with expandable impeller pump

A multi-phase CFD method has been developed and is applied here to model the flow about submerged bodies subject to natural and ventilated cavitation. The method employs an implicit, dual-time, pre-conditioned, multi-phase Navier-Stokes algorithm and is three-dimensional, multi-block and parallel. It incorporates mixture volume and constituent volume fraction transport/generation for liquid, condensable vapor and non-condensable gas fields. Mixture momentum and turbulence scalar equations are also solved. Mass transfer modeling provides exchange between liquid and vapor phases. The model accounts for buoyancy effects and the presence/interaction of condensable and non-condensable fields. In this paper, the theoretical formulation of the method is summarized. Results are presented for steady-state and transient axisymmetric flows with natural and ventilated cavitation about several bodies. Comparisons are made with available measurements of surface pressure distribution, cavitation bubble geometry and drag coefficient. Three-dimensional results are presented for a submerged body running at several angles of attack. The underlying three-species formulation and the specific models employed for mass transfer and momentum diffusion are demonstrated to provide good correspondence with measurements; however, several weaknesses in the current modeling are identified and discussed.

/pdf/multi-phase-cfd-analysis-of-natural-and-ventilated-3qrahftj1i.pdf

Multi-phase CFD analysis of natural and ventilated cavitation about submerged bodies

A multi-phase CFD method is used to analyze centrifugal pump performance under developed cavitating conditions. The differential model employed is the homogeneous two-phase Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes equations, wherein mixture momentum and volume continuity equations are solved along with vapor volume fraction continuity. Mass transfer modeling is provided for the phase change associated with sheet cavitation. Quasi-three-dimensional (Q3D) and fully-three-dimensional analyses are performed for two impeller configurations. Using Q3D analysis, steady and time-dependent analyses were performed across a wide range of flow coefficients and cavitation numbers. Characteristic performance trends associated with offdesign flow and blade cavitation are observed. The rapid drop in head coefficient at low cavitation numbers (breakdown) is captured for all flow coefficients. Local flow field solution plots elucidate the principal physical mechanisms associated with the onset of breakdown. Results are also presented which illustrate the full three dimensional capability of the method.

/pdf/performance-analysis-of-cavitating-flow-in-centrifugal-pumps-35hhoqnjja.pdf

Robert F. Kunz

Papers

A preconditioned Navier–Stokes method for two-phase flows with application to cavitation prediction

A preconditioned navier-stokes method for two-phase flows with application to Cavitation prediction

Heart assist device with expandable impeller pump

Multi-phase CFD analysis of natural and ventilated cavitation about submerged bodies

Performance Analysis of Cavitating Flow in Centrifugal Pumps Using Multiphase CFD