There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

To say that this is the best book on the quantum theory of fields is no praise, since to my knowledge it is the only book on this subject But it is a very good and most useful book The original was written in German and appeared in 1942 This is a translation with some minor changes A few remarks have been added, concerning meson theory and nuclear forces, also footnotes referring to modern work in this field, and finally an appendix on the symmetrization of the energy momentum tensor according to Belinfante Quantum Theory of Fields Prof Gregor Wentzel Translated from the German by Charlotte Houtermans and J M Jauch Pp ix + 224, (New York and London: Interscience Publishers, Inc, 1949) 36s

Quantum Theory of Fields

We review recent developments in the physics of ultracold atomic and molecular gases in optical lattices. Such systems are nearly perfect realisations of various kinds of Hubbard models, and as such may very well serve to mimic condensed matter phenomena. We show how these systems may be employed as quantum simulators to answer some challenging open questions of condensed matter, and even high energy physics. After a short presentation of the models and the methods of treatment of such systems, we discuss in detail, which challenges of condensed matter physics can be addressed with (i) disordered ultracold lattice gases, (ii) frustrated ultracold gases, (iii) spinor lattice gases, (iv) lattice gases in “artificial” magnetic fields, and, last but not least, (v) quantum information processing in lattice gases. For completeness, also some recent progress related to the above topics with trapped cold gases will be discussed. Motto: There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your...

/pdf/ultracold-atomic-gases-in-optical-lattices-mimicking-tfesylj4h7.pdf

Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices: mimicking condensed matter physics and beyond

We present first ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations using similarity renormalization group (SRG) transformed chiral two-nucleon ($NN$) plus three-nucleon ($3N$) interactions for nuclei throughout the $p$-shell, particularly $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$. By introducing an adaptive importance truncation for the NCSM model space and an efficient $JT$-coupling scheme for the $3N$ matrix elements, we are able to surpass previous NCSM studies including $3N$ interactions. We present ground and excited states in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ for model spaces up to ${N}_{\mathrm{max}﻿}=12$ including full $3N$ interactions. We analyze the contributions of induced and initial $3N$ interactions and probe induced $4N$ terms through the sensitivity of the energies on the SRG flow parameter. Unlike for light $p$-shell nuclei, SRG-induced $4N$ contributions originating from the long-range two-pion terms of the chiral $3N$ interaction are sizable in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$.

/pdf/similarity-transformed-chiral-nn-3n-interactions-for-the-ab-3xvltcptur.pdf

Similarity-transformed chiral NN + 3N interactions for the ab initio description of 12C and 16O.

We study the use of truncated normal-ordered three-nucleon interactions in nuclear structure calculations starting from chiral two- plus three-nucleon Hamiltonians evolved consistently with the similarity renormalization group. We present three key developments: (i) a rigorous benchmark of the normal-ordering approximation in the importance-truncated no-core shell model for (4)He, (16)O, and (40)Ca; (ii) a direct comparison of the importance-truncated no-core shell model results with coupled-cluster calculations at the singles and doubles level for (16)O; and (iii) first applications of similarity renormalization group-evolved chiral NN+3N Hamiltonians in coupled-cluster calculations for medium-mass nuclei (16,24)O and (40,48)Ca. We show that the normal-ordered two-body approximation works very well beyond the lightest isotopes and opens a path for studies of medium-mass and heavy nuclei with chiral two- plus three-nucleon interactions. At the same time we highlight the predictive power of chiral Hamiltonians.

/pdf/medium-mass-nuclei-with-normal-ordered-chiral-nn-3n-4gscbcqx0c.pdf

Medium-mass nuclei with normal-ordered chiral NN+3N interactions.

http://theorie.ikp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de/tnp/pub/1998_corr.pdf

A unitary correlation operator method

We present the first ab initio construction of valence-space Hamiltonians for medium-mass nuclei based on chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions using the in-medium similarity renormalization group. When applied to the oxygen isotopes, we find experimental ground-state energies are well reproduced, including the flat trend beyond the drip line at (24)O. Similarly, natural-parity spectra in (21,22,23,24)O are in agreement with experiment, and we present predictions for excited states in (25,26)O. The results exhibit a weak dependence on the harmonic-oscillator basis parameter and reproduce spectroscopy within the standard sd valence space.

https://theorie.ikp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de/tnp/pub/2014_imsrgsm_prl.pdf

Nonperturbative shell-model interactions from the in-medium similarity renormalization group.

We present a nucleus-dependent valence-space approach for calculating ground and excited states of nuclei, which generalizes the shell-model in-medium similarity renormalization group to an ensemble reference with fractionally filled orbitals. Because the ensemble is used only as a reference, and not to represent physical states, no symmetry restoration is required. This allows us to capture three-nucleon ($3N$) forces among valence nucleons with a valence-space Hamiltonian specifically targeted to each nucleus of interest. Predicted ground-state energies from carbon through nickel agree with results of other large-space ab initio methods, generally to the 1% level. In addition, we show that this new approach is required in order to obtain convergence for nuclei in the upper $p$ and $sd$ shells. Finally, we address the ${1}^{+}/{3}^{+}$ inversion problem in $^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ and $^{46}\mathrm{V}$. This approach extends the reach of ab initio nuclear structure calculations to essentially all light- and medium-mass nuclei.

Robert Roth

Papers

Similarity-transformed chiral NN + 3N interactions for the ab initio description of 12C and 16O.

Medium-mass nuclei with normal-ordered chiral NN+3N interactions.

A unitary correlation operator method

Nonperturbative shell-model interactions from the in-medium similarity renormalization group.

Nucleus-Dependent Valence-Space Approach to Nuclear Structure