Erik Eriksen is a remarkable individual. He has no college degrees yet is Professor of Human Development at Harvard University. He came to psychology via art, which explains why the reader will find him painting contexts and backgrounds rather than stating dull facts and concepts. He has been a training psychoanalyst for many years as well as a perceptive observer of cultural and social settings and their effect on growing up. This is not just a book on childhood. It is a panorama of our society. Anxiety in young children, apathy in American Indians, confusion in veterans of war, and arrogance in young Nazis are scrutinized under the psychoanalytic magnifying glass. The material is well written and devoid of technical jargon. The theme of the volume is that it is human to have a long childhood which will leave a lifelong residue of emotional immaturity in man. Primitive groups and

Childhood and Society.

Find the secret to improve the quality of life by reading this group based modeling of development. This is a kind of book that you need now. Besides, it can be your favorite book to read after having this book. Do you ask why? Well, this is a book that has different characteristic with others. You may not need to know who the author is, how well-known the work is. As wise word, never judge the words from who speaks, but make the words as your good value to your life.

Group-Based Modeling of Development

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have identified significant variability in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence estimates worldwide, largely explained by methodological procedures. However, increasing rates of ADHD diagnosis and treatment throughout the past few decades have fuelled concerns about whether the true prevalence of the disorder has increased over time.


METHODS
We updated the two most comprehensive systematic reviews on ADHD prevalence available in the literature. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to test the effect of year of study in the context of both methodological variables that determined variability in ADHD prevalence (diagnostic criteria, impairment criterion and source of information), and the geographical location of studies.


RESULTS
We identified 154 original studies and included 135 in the multivariate analysis. Methodological procedures investigated were significantly associated with heterogeneity of studies. Geographical location and year of study were not associated with variability in ADHD prevalence estimates.


CONCLUSIONS
Confirming previous findings, variability in ADHD prevalence estimates is mostly explained by methodological characteristics of the studies. In the past three decades, there has been no evidence to suggest an increase in the number of children in the community who meet criteria for ADHD when standardized diagnostic procedures are followed.

ADHD Prevalence Estimates Across Three Decades: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

The Psychology of Fear and Stress, J.A. Gray (Ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1987), viii and 422 pp, ISBN 0-521-27098-7

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(11)60858-1.pdf

The health of prisoners

Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review

The risk of antisocial outcomes in individuals with personality disorder (PD) remains uncertain. The authors synthesize the current evidence on the risks of antisocial behavior, violence, and repeat offending in PD, and they explore sources of heterogeneity in risk estimates through a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of observational studies comparing antisocial outcomes in personality disordered individuals with controls groups. Fourteen studies examined risk of antisocial and violent behavior in 10,007 individuals with PD, compared with over 12 million general population controls. There was a substantially increased risk of violent outcomes in studies with all PDs (random-effects pooled odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, 95% CI = 2.6 to 3.5). Meta-regression revealed that antisocial PD and gender were associated with higher risks (p = .01 and .07, respectively). The odds of all antisocial outcomes were also elevated. Twenty-five studies reported the risk of repeat offending in PD compared with other offenders. The risk of a repeat offense was also increased (fixed-effects pooled OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 2.2 to 2.7) in offenders with PD. The authors conclude that although PD is associated with antisocial outcomes and repeat offending, the risk appears to differ by PD category, gender, and whether individuals are offenders or not.

/pdf/personality-disorders-violence-and-antisocial-behavior-a-2yq5fbtyho.pdf

Personality disorders, violence, and antisocial behavior: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

Objective: To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk of repeat offending in individualswith psychosis and to assess the effect of potentialmoderating characteristics on risk estimates. Methods:A systematic search was conducted in 6 bibliographicdatabases from January 1966 to January 2009, supple-mented with correspondence with authors. Studies thatreported risks of repeat offending in individuals withpsychotic disorders (n 5 3511) compared with individualswith other psychiatric disorders (n 5 5446) and healthyindividuals (n 5 71 552) were included. Risks of repeatoffending were calculated using fixed- and random-effectsmodels to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs). Subgroupand meta-regression analyses were conducted to examinehow risk estimates were affected by various study charac-teristics including mean sample age,study location, samplesize,studyperiod,outcomemeasure,durationoffollow-up,and diagnostic criteria. Results: Twenty-seven studies,which included 3511 individuals with psychosis, were iden-tified. Compared with individuals without any psychiatricdisorders, there was a significantly increased risk of repeatoffending in individuals with psychosis (pooled OR 5 1.6,95% confidence interval [CI] 5 1.4–1.8), although this wasonly based on 4 studies. In contrast, there was no associ-ation when individuals with other psychiatric disorderswere used as the comparison group (pooled OR 5 1.0,95% CI 5 0.7–1.3), although there was substantial hetero-geneity. Higher risk estimates were found in female-onlysamples with psychosis and in studies conducted in theUnited States. Conclusions: The association between psy-chosis and repeat offending differed depending on the com-parison group. Despite this, we found no support for thefindings of previous reviews that psychosis is associatedwith a lower risk of repeat offending.Key words: schizophrenia/psychotic disorders/crime/violence/review/meta-analysisIntroductionWith around 10 million prisoners worldwide,

/pdf/psychotic-disorders-and-repeat-offending-systematic-review-40yckta30d.pdf

Psychotic Disorders and Repeat Offending: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8670652/file/8670653.pdf

Risk factors for self-harm in prison: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes. Although mental disorders have been linked to an increased risk of perpetrating IPV against women, the direction and magnitude of the association remain uncertain. In a longitudinal design, we examined the association between mental disorders and IPV perpetrated by men towards women in a population-based sample and used sibling comparisons to control for factors shared by siblings, such as genetic and early family environmental factors. Methods and findings Using Swedish nationwide registries, we identified men from 9 diagnostic groups over 1998–2013, with sample sizes ranging from 9,529 with autism to 88,182 with depressive disorder. We matched individuals by age and sex to general population controls (ranging from 186,017 to 1,719,318 controls), and calculated the hazard ratios of IPV against women. We also estimated the hazard ratios of IPV against women in unaffected full siblings (ranging from 4,818 to 37,885 individuals) compared with the population controls. Afterwards, we compared the hazard ratios for individuals with psychiatric diagnoses with those for siblings using the ratio of hazard ratios (RHR). In sensitivity analyses, we examined the contribution of previous IPV against women and common psychiatric comorbidities, substance use disorders and personality disorders. The average follow-up time across diagnoses ranged from 3.4 to 4.8 years. In comparison to general population controls, all psychiatric diagnoses studied except autism were associated with an increased risk of IPV against women in men, with hazard ratios ranging from 1.5 (95% CI 1.3–1.7) to 7.7 (7.2–8.3) (p-values < 0.001). In sibling analyses, we found that men with depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and personality disorders had a higher risk of IPV against women than their unaffected siblings, with RHR values ranging from 1.7 (1.3–2.1) to 4.4 (3.7–5.2) (p-values < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses showed higher risk of IPV against women in men when comorbid substance use disorders and personality disorders were present, compared to risk when these comorbidities were absent. In addition, increased IPV risk was also found in those without previous IPV against women. The absolute rates of IPV against women ranged from 0.1% to 2.1% across diagnoses over 3.4 to 4.8 years. Individuals with alcohol use disorders (1.7%, 1,406/82,731) and drug use disorders (2.1%, 1,216/57,901) had the highest rates. Our analyses were restricted to IPV leading to arrest, suggesting that the applicability of our results may be limited to more severe forms of IPV perpetration. Conclusions Our results indicate that most of the studied mental disorders are associated with an increased risk of perpetrating IPV towards women, and that substance use disorders, as principal or comorbid diagnoses, have the highest absolute and relative risks. The findings support the development of IPV risk identification and prevention services among men with substance use disorders as an approach to reduce the prevalence of IPV.

/pdf/mental-disorders-and-intimate-partner-violence-perpetrated-y9mgjipyhd.pdf

Rongqin Yu

Papers

Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review

Personality disorders, violence, and antisocial behavior: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

Psychotic Disorders and Repeat Offending: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Risk factors for self-harm in prison: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mental disorders and intimate partner violence perpetrated by men towards women: A Swedish population-based longitudinal study