[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Today's best perovskite solar cells use a mixture of formamidinium and methylammonium as the monovalent cations. With the addition of inorganic cesium, the resulting triple cation perovskite compositions are thermally more stable, contain less phase impurities and are less sensitive to processing conditions. This enables more reproducible device performances to reach a stabilized power output of 21.1% and ∼18% after 250 hours under operational conditions. These properties are key for the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaics.

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Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency

Lanthanide ions possess fascinating optical properties and their discovery, first industrial uses and present high technological applications are largely governed by their interaction with light. Lighting devices (economical luminescent lamps, light emitting diodes), television and computer displays, optical fibres, optical amplifiers, lasers, as well as responsive luminescent stains for biomedical analysis, medical diagnosis, and cell imaging rely heavily on lanthanide ions. This critical review has been tailored for a broad audience of chemists, biochemists and materials scientists; the basics of lanthanide photophysics are highlighted together with the synthetic strategies used to insert these ions into mono- and polymetallic molecular edifices. Recent advances in NIR-emitting materials, including liquid crystals, and in the control of luminescent properties in polymetallic assemblies are also presented. (210 references.)

Taking advantage of luminescent lanthanide ions

All of the cations currently used in perovskite solar cells abide by the tolerance factor for incorporation into the lattice. We show that the small and oxidation-stable rubidium cation (Rb + ) can be embedded into a “cation cascade” to create perovskite materials with excellent material properties. We achieved stabilized efficiencies of up to 21.6% (average value, 20.2%) on small areas (and a stabilized 19.0% on a cell 0.5 square centimeters in area) as well as an electroluminescence of 3.8%. The open-circuit voltage of 1.24 volts at a band gap of 1.63 electron volts leads to a loss in potential of 0.39 volts, versus 0.4 volts for commercial silicon cells. Polymer-coated cells maintained 95% of their initial performance at 85°C for 500 hours under full illumination and maximum power point tracking.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/early/2016/09/28/science.aah5557.full.pdf

Incorporation of rubidium cations into perovskite solar cells improves photovoltaic performance

Recent startling interest for lanthanide luminescence is stimulated by the continuously expanding need for luminescent materials meeting the stringent requirements of telecommunication, lighting, electroluminescent devices, (bio-)analytical sensors and bio-imaging set-ups. This critical review describes the latest developments in (i) the sensitization of near-infrared luminescence, (ii) “soft” luminescent materials (liquid crystals, ionic liquids, ionogels), (iii) electroluminescent materials for organic light emitting diodes, with emphasis on white light generation, and (iv) applications in luminescent bio-sensing and bio-imaging based on time-resolved detection and multiphoton excitation (500 references).

/pdf/lanthanide-luminescence-for-functional-materials-and-bio-1w9cppwf8r.pdf

Lanthanide luminescence for functional materials and bio-sciences

Reaction of [Pt3(μ-CO)3(PCy3)3] with tin dichloride

Applying additives to perovskite precursor solutions is an effective way to passivate perovskite films for the construction of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with increased power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and enhanced stabilities. Ionic liquids (ILs) with halide anions have been applied as additives. Here, we report the application of imidazolium-based ILs, containing the nitrile functionality in the cation and chloride anion, as additives for triple-cation (Cs+, formamidinium [FA+], methylammonium [MA+]) PSCs. We found that a Cl-I exchange takes place between the I− anion of the triple-cation precursors and the Cl− anion of the IL. The fabricated PSCs containing perovskite films with the ILs show high PCEs (in the best case 22.86%) and high stabilities, with the unencapsulated devices retaining about 95% of their original efficiencies after 1,000 h. The mechanistic basis for the passivation effect of the IL additives in the perovskite films is described. 

Rosario Scopelliti

Papers

Reaction of [Pt3(μ-CO)3(PCy3)3] with tin dichloride

Halide exchange in the passivation of perovskite solar cells with functionalized ionic liquids

The Enigmatic Nature of RhICl(Cyclopentadienone) Complexes: Dimers, Trimers, and Tetramers

Oxidative addition of Ph3SnH to Pt3(μ-CO)3(PR3)3 (R=PCy3, PtBu3)

Influence of Functionalized η6 -Arene Rings on Ruthenium(II) Curcuminoids Complexes