Epidemiology of human pulmonary infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a review.

Global burden of HIV, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis in prisoners and detainees.

Section 4: What is the evidence for transmission of NTM between individuals? 

Recommendation 

Section 5: How should the lung disease attributable to NTM infection be defined? 

Recommendation 

Good practice point 

Section 6: What samples should be used to detect pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection? 

Recommendations 

Good practice points 

Section …

/pdf/british-thoracic-society-guidelines-for-the-management-of-35wnkt4897.pdf

British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD)

SUMMARY Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are present in the environment, mainly in water, and are occasionally responsible for opportunistic infections in humans. Despite the fact that NTM are characterized by a moderate pathogenicity, the diseases caused by NTM at various body sites are increasing on a worldwide level. Among over 150 officially recognized NTM species, only two or three dozen are familiar to clinicians, and even to most microbiologists. In this paper, approximately 50 new species described in the last 8 years are reviewed, and their role in human infections is assessed on the basis of reported clinical cases. The small number of reports concerning most of the “new” mycobacterial species is responsible for the widespread conviction that they are very rare. Their role is actually largely underestimated, mainly because they often remain unrecognized and misidentified. Aiming to minimize such bias, emphasis has been placed on more common identification pitfalls. Together with new NTM, new members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex described in the last few years are also an object of the present review.

Microbiological features and clinical relevance of new species of the genus Mycobacterium.

Update on pulmonary disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria

A significant knowledge gap exists concerning the geographical distribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolation worldwide. To provide a snapshot of NTM species distribution, global partners in the NTM-Network European Trials Group (NET) framework (www.ntm-net.org), a branch of the Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (TB-NET), provided identification results of the total number of patients in 2008 in whom NTM were isolated from pulmonary samples. From these data, we visualised the relative distribution of the different NTM found per continent and per country. We received species identification data for 20 182 patients, from 62 laboratories in 30 countries across six continents. 91 different NTM species were isolated. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteria predominated in most countries, followed by M. gordonae and M. xenopi. Important differences in geographical distribution of MAC species as well as M. xenopi, M. kansasii and rapid-growing mycobacteria were observed. This snapshot demonstrates that the species distribution among NTM isolates from pulmonary specimens in the year 2008 differed by continent and differed by country within these continents. These differences in species distribution may partly determine the frequency and manifestations of pulmonary NTM disease in each geographical location.

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/42/6/1604.full.pdf

Rosine Bauriaud

Papers

The geographic diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary samples: an NTM-NET collaborative study