Showing papers by "Rüdiger Schmidt published in 2013"

Stoichiometry dependence of resistance drift phenomena in amorphous GeSnTe phase-change alloys

Abstract: In phase-change materials, the amorphous state resistivity increases with time following a power law ρ ∝ (t/t0)αRD. This drift in resistivity seriously hampers the potential of multilevel-storage to achieve an increased capacity in phase-change memories. This paper presents the stoichiometric dependence of drift phenomena in amorphous GeSnTe systems (a-GeSnTe) and other known phase-change alloys with the objective to identify low drift materials. The substitution of Ge by Sn results in a systematic decrease of the drift parameter from a-GeTe (αRD = 0.129) to a-Ge2Sn2Te4 (αRD = 0.053). Furthermore, with increasing Sn content a decrease in crystallization temperature, trap state density, optical band gap, and activation energy for electronic conduction is observed. In a-GeSnTe, a-GeSbTe, and a-AgInSbTe alloys as well, the drift parameter αRD correlates to the activation energy for electronic conduction. This study indicates that low drift materials are characterized by low activation energies of electronic ...

Large rotation FE transient analysis of piezolaminated thin-walled smart structures

Abstract: A geometrically nonlinear large rotation shell theory is proposed for dynamic finite element (FE) analysis of piezoelectric integrated thin-walled smart structures. The large rotation theory, which has six independent kinematic parameters but expressed by five nodal degrees of freedom (DOFs), is based on first-order shear deformation (FOSD) hypothesis. The two-dimensional (2D) FE model is constructed using eight-node quadrilateral shell elements with five mechanical DOFs per node and one electrical DOF per piezoelectric material layer with linear constitutive equations. The linear and nonlinear dynamic responses are determined by the central difference algorithm (CDA) and the Newmark method. The results are compared with those obtained by simplified nonlinear theories, as well as those reported in the literature. It is shown that the present large rotation theory yields considerable improvement if the structures undergo large displacements and rotations.