Showing papers by "Ryon C. McDermott published in 2020"
TL;DR: Significant relationships between CMNI-30 scores and indicators of depression and anxiety provides preliminary concurrent evidence for its validity and measurement invariance between White men and men of color was assessed.
Abstract: The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI) has been an important tool in researching masculinity. With the original measure at 94 items (Mahalik et al., 2003), there have been several abbreviated forms developed from 11 to 55 items. However, in confirmatory factor analyses (CFA's) testing 13 common factors, bifactor, hierarchical, and unidimensional models, only 4 models demonstrated adequate fit to the data, and most of these were for the still quite long 46-item version. As a result, there was no psychometrically strong truly short form of the CMNI. In the present study, data from 1561 community and university men were used to develop a short form. First an exploratory factor analysis using a portion of the data was conducted, which resulted in a 10-subscale dimensionality, followed by CFA estimating a common factors model. The results of the CFA were used to create two candidate models for a 30-item short form of the CMNI, based on Classical test theory (CTT) and optimized CTT. The best-fitting candidate model for the CMNI-30 was CTT. Next, the fit of the 29, 46, and 94 item models were compared to the 30-item version, which had the superior fit. Then, measurement invariance between White men and men of color was assessed, choosing this comparison because hegemonic masculinity is theorized to marginalize men of color. Evidence was found for full configural and metric, and partial scalar and residuals invariance. Finally, significant relationships between CMNI-30 scores and indicators of depression and anxiety provides preliminary concurrent evidence for its validity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
33 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that the protective academic benefits of resilience were primarily explained by decreases in depression but that this effect was strongest for nursing students with negative perceptions of their campus climate.
Abstract: Aim Academic distress is a leading cause of attrition among nursing students. The present study tested a positive psychology-oriented model detailing the potential links between nursing students': (a) psychological resilience; (b) depressive symptoms; (c) intrapersonal well-being; (d) interpersonal well-being; and (e) academic distress. Additionally, we tested whether the academic benefits of resilience were conditional upon nursing students' perceptions of their campus climate as supportive of mental health and well-being. Design A correlational, cross-sectional design was employed. Method Nursing students (N = 933) were selected from the national 2017-2018 Healthy Minds Study (HMS). Students completed measures of resilience, depressive symptoms, intrapersonal well-being (flourishing), interpersonal well-being (belonging), and academic distress. Results Conditional process modelling tested depression, belonging, and flourishing as mediators of the associations between resilience and academic distress variables. Furthermore, perceptions of campus climate were included as potential moderators of these mediation effects. Results indicated that the protective academic benefits of resilience were primarily explained by decreases in depression but that this effect was strongest for nursing students with negative perceptions of their campus climate. Conclusion Findings highlight the psychological and academic benefits of greater resilience and the moderated mediation results suggest that such benefits were conditional on the broader campus climate. Impact Nurse educators and policymakers should consider addressing contextual factors, such as campus climate, in addition to resilience training in their efforts to reduce the negative academic impacts of mental health problems and stress in nursing school.
31 citations
TL;DR: These initial results suggest the EMIS-M-SF may hold promise as a short, reliable, and valid assessment of overall outcomes related to a possible MI.
Abstract: Military personnel may encounter morally injurious events that lead to emotional, social, and spiritual suffering that transcend and/or overlap with mental health diagnoses (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]). Advancement of scientific research and potential clinical innovation for moral injury (MI) requires a diversity of measurement approaches. Drawing on results from the bifactor model in Currier et al.'s (2017) psychometric evaluation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale-Military version (EMIS-M), this study validated a four-item short form of the instrument with two samples of veterans with a history of war-zone service. Namely, despite the reduced number of items, the EMIS-M-Short Form (SF) yielded favourable internal consistency and comparable levels of convergent validity with theoretically related constructs (e.g., PTSD and struggles with morality and ultimate meaning) as the full-length version. Notwithstanding the possible utility of distinguishing between self- and other-directed forms of MI, factor analytic results further revealed that the EMIS-M-SF was best conceptualized with a unidimensional factorial model that might allow for a general assessment of MI-related outcomes. Overall, these initial results suggest that the EMIS-M-SF may hold promise as a short, reliable, and valid assessment of overall outcomes related to a possible MI.
20 citations
01 Jan 2020
18 citations
TL;DR: A cross- lagged model was tested to investigate the temporal relations between Latinx college students' perceived discrimination and academic distress while controlling for the effects of depression and found that a cross-lagged model exhibited superior fit to a model with only autoregressive paths.
Abstract: Although the empirical link between experience of racism and academic concerns has been documented, researchers have not used a cross-lagged longitudinal design to disentangle the temporal relations between perceived discrimination and academic outcomes among Latinx college students. It is important to identify whether perceived discrimination predicts greater academic concerns or whether academic concerns predict higher levels of sensitivity to rejection and, therefore, increased self-reports of discrimination. To address this gap in the empirical literature, the present study tested a cross-lagged model to investigate the temporal relations between Latinx college students' perceived discrimination and academic distress while controlling for the effects of depression. Participants were 203 Latinx college students from a Southwestern U.S. public university who completed the same questionnaires at 2 time points, 1 year apart. The authors found that a cross-lagged model exhibited superior fit to a model with only autoregressive paths (e.g., Time 1 academic distress predicting Time 2 academic distress). Only one cross-lagged effect was significant: Time 1 perceived discrimination positively predicted academic distress at Time 2, although the reverse was not true. The practical implications of these findings for the prevention of discrimination and academic distress on college campuses are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
13 citations
TL;DR: The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ version II [AAQ-II]; Bond et al. 2011) is a popular and widely used measure of experiential avoidance as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Experiential avoidance is a common psychological process, a core component of third-wave behavioral therapies, and a robust predictor of general psychopathology. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ version II [AAQ – II]; Bond et al. 2011) is a popular and widely used measure of experiential avoidance. However, studies examining the measurement and function of the AAQ-II across cultures are largely relegated to translational investigations across different languages, thus providing little information about measurement equivalence among English speaking populations from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. The present study examined data from the 2016–2017 National Healthy Minds Study (HMS; N = 24,439) and tested the measurement invariance of the AAQ – II across White, Black, Latinx, Asian American, and Middle Eastern college students. We then examined how racial/ethnic group moderated experiential avoidance as a concurrent predictor of anxiety and depression. Multigroup structural equation modeling indicated support for configural but not metric measurement invariance across all groups. The effect size of the non-invariance was small in magnitude. The AAQ – II functioned as a strong positive correlate of anxiety and depression measures across racial/ethnic groups. Moderation analyses further indicated that the AAQ-II was a significantly stronger predictor of anxiety and depression for White participants (β′s = .717, .738 respectively) compared to Asian American participants (β′s = 0.671, 0.665 respectively) and was a significantly stronger predictor of anxiety for White participants compared to Latinx respondents (β = 0.662). Implications for research, theory, and clinical practice are discussed, with specific recommendations for culturally informed adaptations to the AAQ – II.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual model positing scrupulosity and self-compassion as simultaneous mediators of the relationship between two people was proposed. But the model was not tested in the case of pornography viewing.
Abstract: Problematic pornography viewing is a considerable issue for religious men. We tested a conceptual model positing scrupulosity and self-compassion as simultaneous mediators of the relationship betwe...
12 citations
TL;DR: Development of a mobile health application that increases hope and helps establish healthy habits may enable nursing students to remain healthy throughout their lives, creating a new generation of happier, healthier nurses and, ultimately, improving safety for patients under their care.
Abstract: More than half of practicing nurses have suboptimal physical or mental health. Impaired health is associated with a 76% higher likelihood that nurses will make medical errors. Improving the health habits of nursing students is essential to shaping and sustaining health prior to joining the workforce. Technology such as mobile health applications holds great promise in facilitating behavioral change and encouraging healthy habits in nursing students. Identifying the predictors of willingness to use mobile health is essential to creating mobile health applications that will engage nursing students and promote sustainable usage. Evaluation of psychological, attitudinal, and health-related correlates of mobile health can highlight predictors of willingness to use mobile health, which can influence nursing students' utilization and long-term engagement with mobile health applications. Analysis of these correlates shows that psychological attributes, such as hope, play a role in the willingness to use and may facilitate engagement in the utilization of a mobile health application. Development of a mobile health application that increases hope and helps establish healthy habits may enable nursing students to remain healthy throughout their lives, creating a new generation of happier, healthier nurses and, ultimately, improving safety for patients under their care.
9 citations
TL;DR: Examination of the moderation effects of hope on the associations between experiences of discrimination and perceptions of stress and academic integration among a sample of 1st-year U.S. Black college students suggests hope may have a paradoxical effect for Black students' mental health while still retaining a positive and buffering effect for their academic integration.
Abstract: The psychology of hope is used to conceptualize how college students successfully meet their personal and professional goals and ultimately persist to graduation. However, limited evidence has suggested that high levels of hope might have a paradoxical effect for Black college students when faced with experiences of discrimination. The present study examined the moderation effects of hope on the associations between experiences of discrimination and perceptions of stress and academic integration among a sample of 1st-year U.S. Black college students (N = 203) partly derived from secondary data. Structural equation modeling revealed inverse associations between hope and stress, as well as positive associations between hope and academic integration. However, latent variable moderation revealed that students with high levels of hope had the strongest positive associations between discrimination and stress, thus supporting a paradoxical effect. By contrast, the negative association between discrimination and academic integration emerged for only students with low levels of hope. Results suggest the psychological and academic benefits of hope are complex. Specifically, in the context of discrimination experiences, hope may have a paradoxical effect for Black students' mental health while still retaining a positive and buffering effect for their academic integration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
8 citations
TL;DR: Findings provide a foundational understanding that interventions or educational programs to improve self-care behaviors of nursing students should be tailored depending on the educational level of the students.
Abstract: This study compared self-reported nutrition, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) in undergraduate versus graduate nursing students. Respondents included 233 undergraduate and 230 graduate ...
7 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored how perceived discrimination and mental illness change as a function of mono vs non-monosexual minority identity and found that perceived discrimination is correlated with mental health disorders, including depression and suicidal ideation.
Abstract: We explored how perceived discrimination and mental illness change as a function of mono vs non-monosexual minority identity. Archival data gathered through the Healthy Minds Network was us...
TL;DR: The intervention had the most positive effect on prosocial bystander behaviors among participants with a lower sense of in-group solidarity, and this finding is discussed in light of the promise of self-persuasion for future sexual aggression prevention work.
Abstract: Grounded in the self-persuasion paradigm (an indirect persuasion approach, which places people in situations that motivate them to change their behavior), this study evaluated a brief, online inter...
TL;DR: Though conformity to playboy norms was more strongly related to all romantic relationship wellbeing indicators across genders, pornography viewing frequency was still significantly inversely correlated with relationship satisfaction for women; though the effect size was small.
Abstract: Research has indicated that pornography viewing is related to romantic relationship problems. However, the correlations across past studies have been small. We tested a model in which playboy norm ...