J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used to target bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Nanotechnology may be particularly advantageous in treating bacterial infections. Examples include the utilization of NPs in antibacterial coatings for implantable devices and medicinal materials to prevent infection and promote wound healing, in antibiotic delivery systems to treat disease, in bacterial detection systems to generate microbial diagnostics, and in antibacterial vaccines to control bacterial infections. The antibacterial mechanisms of NPs are poorly understood, but the currently accepted mechanisms include oxidative stress induction, metal ion release, and non-oxidative mechanisms. The multiple simultaneous mechanisms of action against microbes would require multiple simultaneous gene mutations in the same bacterial cell for antibacterial resistance to develop; therefore, it is difficult for bacterial cells to become resistant to NPs. In this review, we discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of NPs against bacteria and the factors that are involved. The limitations of current research are also discussed.

/pdf/the-antimicrobial-activity-of-nanoparticles-present-455xafgyws.pdf

The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: present situation and prospects for the future

Nanotechnology is a new and emerging technology with wealth of applications. It involves the synthesis and application of materials having one of the dimensions in the range of 1-100 nm. A wide variety of physico-chemical approaches are being used these days for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). However, biogenic reduction of metal precursors to produce corresponding NPs is eco-friendly, less expensive, free of chemical contaminants for medical and biological applications where purity of NPs is of major concern. Biogenic reduction is a "Bottom Up" approach similar to chemical reduction where a reducing agent is replaced by extract of a natural products with inherent stabilizing, growth terminating and capping properties. Furthermore, the nature of biological entities in different concentrations in combination with reducing organic agents influence the size and shape of NPs. Present review focuses on microbes or plants based green synthesis of Ag, Au, Cu, Fe, Pd, Ru, PbS, CdS, CuO, CeO2, Fe3O4, TiO2, and ZnO NPs and their potential applications.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles and its potential application.

Organosulfur compounds have long played a vital role in organic chemistry and in the development of novel chemical structures and architectures. Prominent among these organosulfur compounds are those involving a sulfur(IV) center, which have been the subject of countless investigations over more than a hundred years. In addition to a long list of textbook sulfur-based reactions, there has been a sustained interest in the chemistry of organosulfur(IV) compounds in recent years. Of particular interest within organosulfur chemistry is the ease with which the synthetic chemist can effect a wide range of transformations through either bond formation or bond cleavage at sulfur. This review aims to cover the developments of the past decade in the chemistry of organic sulfur(IV) molecules and provide insight into both the wide range of reactions which critically rely on this versatile element and the diverse scaffolds that can thereby be synthesized.

Bond-Forming and -Breaking Reactions at Sulfur(IV): Sulfoxides, Sulfonium Salts, Sulfur Ylides, and Sulfinate Salts.

Researchers have recently focused on the advancement of new materials from biorenewable and sustainable sources because of great concerns about the environment, waste accumulation and destruction, and the inevitable depletion of fossil resources. Biorenewable materials have been extensively used as a matrix or reinforcement in many applications. In the development of innovative methods and materials, composites offer important advantages because of their excellent properties such as ease of fabrication, higher mechanical properties, high thermal stability, and many more. Especially, nanocomposites (obtained by using biorenewable sources) have significant advantages when compared to conventional composites. Nanocomposites have been utilized in many applications including food, biomedical, electroanalysis, energy storage, wastewater treatment, automotive, etc. This comprehensive review provides chemistry, structures, advanced applications, and recent developments about nanocomposites obtained from biorenewable sources.

/pdf/chemistry-structures-and-advanced-applications-of-1e0y79sgtf.pdf

Chemistry, Structures, and Advanced Applications of Nanocomposites from Biorenewable Resources.

Fungus-mediated biosynthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles and their activity against pathogenic bacteria

Agricultural waste as a source for the production of silica nanoparticles

Recent advances in starch–clay nanocomposites

Six crystal structures of substituted 2-chloroquinoline derivatives have been analysed to evaluate the role of Cl atom as a self recognizing unit resulting in the formation of Cl…Cl and C-H…Cl interactions to generate supramolecular assembly in the solid state. The features of Type I and Type II geometries associated with Cl…Cl interactions have been analysed to show directional preferences leading to differences in the packing motifs in these crystal structures. C-H…Cl interactions are generated exclusively in structures depicting Type II Cl…Cl interaction have been observed in these structures.

/pdf/analysis-of-cl-cl-and-c-h-cl-intermolecular-interactions-lhphn7c7j8.pdf

Analysis of Cl…Cl and C-H…Cl intermolecular interactions involving chlorine in substituted 2-chloroquinoline derivatives

Solvent-free syntheses of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were performed by reaction of anthranillic acid with different amides, such as nicotinamide, benzamide, formamide, etc., on montmorillonite K-10. Pro...

S. Mohana Roopan

Papers

Fungus-mediated biosynthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles and their activity against pathogenic bacteria

Agricultural waste as a source for the production of silica nanoparticles

Recent advances in starch–clay nanocomposites

Analysis of Cl…Cl and C-H…Cl intermolecular interactions involving chlorine in substituted 2-chloroquinoline derivatives

Solvent-free syntheses of some quinazolin-4(3H)- ones derivatives