https://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/20_Neurogenic-LUTD_LR.pdf

EAU Guidelines on Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

https://europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(15)00740-X/pdf/summary-of-european-association-of-urology-eau-guidelines-on-neuro-urology

Summary of European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines on Neuro-Urology

Pathogenesis and management of male infertility.

Study design: Review of literature. Objective: To review the physical aspects related to penile erection, ejaculatory dysfunction, semen characteristics, and techniques for enhancement of fertility in spinal cord lesioned (SCL) men. Setting: Worldwide: individuals with traumatic as well as non-traumatic SCL. Results: Recommendations for management of erectile dysfunction in SCL men: If it is possible to obtain a satisfactory erection but of insufficient duration, then try to use a venous constrictor band to find out if this is sufficient to maintain the erection. Otherwise we recommend Sildenafil. If Sildenafil is not satisfactory then use intracavernous injection with prostaglandin E1 (some SCL men may prefer cutaneous or intraurethral application). We discourage the implantation of penile prosthesis for the sole purpose of erection. Recommendations for management of ejaculatory dysfunction in SCL men: Penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) to induce ejaculation is recommended as first treatment choice. If PVS fails, SCL men should be referred for electroejaculation (EEJ). Semen characteristics: Impaired semen profiles with low motility rates are seen in the majority of SCL men. Recently reported data gives evidence of a decline in spermatogenesis and motility of ejaculated spermatozoa shortly after (few weeks) an acute SCL. It is suggested that some factors in the seminal plasma and/or disordered storage of spermatozoa in the seminal vesicles are mainly responsible for the impaired semen profiles in men with chronic SCL. Fertility: Home insemination with semen obtained by PVS and introduced intravaginally in order to achieve successful pregnancies may be an option for some SCL men and their partners. The majority of SCL men will further enhance their fertility potential when using either PVS or EEJ combined with assisted reproduction techniques such as intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Spinal Cord (2001) 39, 455–470.

/pdf/sexual-function-in-spinal-cord-lesioned-men-1rsp765v3x.pdf

Sexual function in spinal cord lesioned men.

The purpose of this review is to present the current understanding of penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) and electroejaculation (EEJ) procedures and its clinical use in men with ejaculatory dysfunction. Unfortunately, the record of treating such individuals has been quite poor, but within recent years development and refinement of PVS and EEJ in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) has significantly enhanced the prospects for treatment of ejaculatory dysfunction. The majority of spinal cord injured men are not able to produce antegrade ejaculation by masturbation or sexual stimulation. However, approximately 80% of all spinal cord injured men with an intact ejaculatory reflex arc (above T10) can obtain antegrade ejaculation with PVS. Electroejaculation may be successful in obtaining ejaculate from men with all types of SCI, including men who do not have major components of the ejaculatory reflex arc. Because vibratory stimulation is very simple in use, non-invasive, it does not require anaesthesia and is preferred by the patients when compared with EEJ, PVS is recommended to be the first choice of treatment in spinal cord injured men. Furthermore, EEJ has been successfully used to induce ejaculation in men with multiple sclerosis and diabetic neuropathy. Any other conditions which affect the ejaculatory mechanism of the central and/or peripheral nervous system including surgical nerve injury may be treated successfully with EEJ. Finally, for sperm retrieval and sperm cryopreservation before intensive anticancer therapy in pubertal boys, PVS and EEJ have been successfully performed in patients who failed to obtain ejaculation by masturbation. Nearly all data concerning semen characteristics in men with ejaculatory dysfuntion originate from spinal cord injured men. Semen analyses demonstrate low sperm motility rates in the majority of spinal cord injured men. The data give evidence of a decline in spermatogenesis and motility of ejaculated spermatozoa shortly after (few weeks) an acute SCI. Furthermore, it is suggested that some factors in the seminal plasma and/or disordered storage of spermatozoa in the seminal vesicles are mainly responsible for the impaired semen profiles in men with chronic SCI. Home insemination with semen obtained by penile vibratory and introduced intravaginally in order to achieve successful pregnancies may be an option for some spinal cord injured men and their partners. The majority of men will further enhance their fertility potential when using either penile vibratory or EEJ combined with assisted reproduction techniques such as intrauterine insemination or in-vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/71519/j.1365-2605.2002.00378.x.pdf?sequence=1

Penile vibratory stimulation and electroejaculation in the treatment of ejaculatory dysfunction.

Collection of semen from men in acute phase of spinal cord injury

Necrospermia and chronic spinal cord injury.

The aim of this study was to develop a technique which would prevent retrograde ejaculation in chronic spinal cord injured (SCI) patients undergoing vibration and electroejaculation procedures. A balloon catheter was used to tamponade the bladder neck in 12 patients who underwent 100 assisted ejaculation procedures. Antegrade ejaculations were collected on all occasions with no incidences of urine contamination and no sperm were seen in post ejaculatory urine. Silicone catheters had minimal effects on sperm motility and viability. All lubricant gels were found to adversely affect sperm quality and were not used.

/pdf/a-simple-technique-to-prevent-retrograde-ejaculation-during-202i3ji3d4.pdf

S.T. Hill

Papers

Collection of semen from men in acute phase of spinal cord injury

Necrospermia and chronic spinal cord injury.

A simple technique to prevent retrograde ejaculation during assisted ejaculation.