[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Welding Metallurgy of

Multi-objective thermodynamic-based optimization of output power of Solar Dish-Stirling engine by implementing an evolutionary algorithm

On the basis of introducing the origin and development of finite time thermodynamics (FTT), this paper reviews the progress in FTT optimization for internal combustion engine (ICE) cycles from the following four aspects: the studies on the optimum performances of air standard endoreversible (with only the irreversibility of heat resistance) and irreversible ICE cycles, including Otto, Diesel, Atkinson, Brayton, Dual, Miller, Porous Medium and Universal cycles with constant specific heats, variable specific heats, and variable specific ratio of the conventional and quantum working fluids (WFs); the studies on the optimum piston motion (OPM) trajectories of ICE cycles, including Otto and Diesel cycles with Newtonian and other heat transfer laws; the studies on the performance limits of ICE cycles with non-uniform WF with Newtonian and other heat transfer laws; as well as the studies on the performance simulation of ICE cycles. In the studies, the optimization objectives include work, power, power density, efficiency, entropy generation rate, ecological function, and so on. The further direction for the studies is explored.

Progress in Finite Time Thermodynamic Studies for Internal Combustion Engine Cycles

Evaluation of sustainable transport research in 2000–2019

Effect of HHO gas on combustion emissions in gasoline engines

Thermodynamic evaluation of a second order simulation for Yoke Ross Stirling engine

The appropriate utilization of entropy generation may provoke dipping losses in the available energy of nanofluid flow. The effects of chemical entropy generation in axisymmetric flow of Casson nanofluid between radiative stretching disks in the presence of thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and heat absorption/generation features have been mathematically modeled and simulated via interaction of slip boundary conditions. Shooting method has been employed to numerically solve dimensionless form of the governing equations, including expressions referring to entropy generation. The impacts of the physical parameters on fluid velocity components, temperature and concentration profiles, and entropy generation number are presented. Simulation results revealed that axial component of velocity decreases with variation of Casson fluid parameter. A declining variation in Bejan number was noticed with increment of Casson fluid constant. Moreover, a progressive variation in Bejan number resulted due to the impact of Prandtl number and stretching ratio constant.

Aspects of Chemical Entropy Generation in Flow of Casson Nanofluid between Radiative Stretching Disks.

Effect of anodes-cathodes inter-distances of HHO fuel cell on gasoline engine performance operating by a blend of HHO

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel usually produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. This study investigates the extraction of oil and its conversion into biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification. Firstly, the effect of various solvents (methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, di-ethyl ether) on extraction of oil from non-edible crops, such as R. communis and M. azedarach, were examined. It was observed that a higher concentration of oil was obtained from R. communis (43.6%) as compared to M. azedarach (35.6%) by using methanol and n-hexane, respectively. The extracted oils were subjected to NaOH (1%) catalyzed transesterification by analyzing the effect of oil/methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10) and varying temperature (20, 40, 60 and 80 °C) for 2.5 h of reaction time. M. azedarach yielded 88% and R. communis yielded 93% biodiesel in 1:6 and 1:8 molar concentrations at ambient temperature whereas, 60 °C was selected as an optimum temperature, giving 90% (M. azedarach) and 94% (R. communis) biodiesel. The extracted oil and biodiesel were characterized for various parameters and most of the properties fulfilled the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard biodiesel. The further characterization of fatty acids was done by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) and oleic acid was found to be dominant in M. azedarach (61.5%) and R. communis contained ricinoleic acid (75.53%). Furthermore, the functional groups were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results suggested that both of the oils are easily available and can be used for commercial biodiesel production at a cost-effective scale.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/4/427/pdf

Sa'ed A. Musmar

Papers

Effect of HHO gas on combustion emissions in gasoline engines

Thermodynamic evaluation of a second order simulation for Yoke Ross Stirling engine

Aspects of Chemical Entropy Generation in Flow of Casson Nanofluid between Radiative Stretching Disks.

Effect of anodes-cathodes inter-distances of HHO fuel cell on gasoline engine performance operating by a blend of HHO

Biodiesel Production from Melia azedarach and Ricinus communis Oil by Transesterification Process