Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

This paper extends the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to study acceptance and use of technology in a consumer context. Our proposed UTAUT2 incorporates three constructs into UTAUT: hedonic motivation, price value, and habit. Individual differences--namely, age, gender, and experience--are hypothesized to moderate the effects of these constructs on behavioral intention and technology use. Results from a two-stage online survey, with technology use data collected four months after the first survey, of 1,512 mobile Internet consumers supported our model. Compared to UTAUT, the extensions proposed in UTAUT2 produced a substantial improvement in the variance explained in behavioral intention (56 percent to 74 percent) and technology use (40 percent to 52 percent). The theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.

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Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology

This paper extends the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to study acceptance and use of technology in a consumer context. Our proposed UTAUT2 incorporates three constructs into UTAUT: hedonic motivation, price value, and habit. Individual differences — namely, age, gender, and experience — are hypothesized to moderate the effects of these constructs on behavioral intention and technology use. Results from a two-stage online survey, with technology use data collected four months after the first survey, of 1,512 mobile Internet consumers supported our model. Compared to UTAUT, the extensions proposed in UTAUT2 produced a substantial improvement in the variance explained in behavioral intention (56 percent to 74 percent) and technology use (40 percent to 52 percent). The theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2002388_code662786.pdf?abstractid=2002388&type=2

Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

We develop and test a theoretical model to investigate the assimilation of enterprise systems in the post-implementation stage within organizations. Specifically, this model explains how top management mediates the impact of external institutional pressures on the degree of usage of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The hypotheses were tested using survey data from companies that have already implemented ERP systems. Results from partial least squares analyses suggest that mimetic pressures positively affect top management beliefs, which then positively affects top management participation in the ERP assimilation process. In turn, top management participation is confirmed to positively affect the degree of ERP usage. Results also suggest that coercive pressures positively affect top management participation without the mediation of top management beliefs. Surprisingly, we do not find support for our hypothesis that top management participation mediates the effect of normative pressures on ERP usage, but instead we find that normative pressures directly affect ERP usage. Our findings highlight the important role of top management in mediating the effect of institutional pressures on IT assimilation. We confirm that institutional pressures, which are known to be important for IT adoption and implementation, also contribute to post-implementation assimilation when the integration processes are prolonged and outcomes are dynamic and uncertain.

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Assimilation of enterprise systems: the effect of institutional pressures and the mediating role of top management

This paper extends Ajzen’s (1991) theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain and predict the process of e-commerce adoption by consumers. The process is captured through two online consumer behaviors: (1) getting information and (2) purchasing a product from a Web vendor. First, we simultaneously model the association between these two contingent online behaviors and their respective intentions by appealing to consumer behavior theories and the theory of implementation intentions, respectively. Second, following TPB, we derive for each behavior its intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC). Third, we elicit and test a comprehensive set of salient beliefs for each behavior. A longitudinal study with online consumers supports the proposed e-commerce adoption model, validating the predictive power of TPB and the proposed conceptualization of PBC as a higher-order factor formed by self-efficacy and controllability. Our findings stress the importance of trust and technology adoption variables (perceived usefulness and ease of use) as salient beliefs for predicting ecommerce adoption, justifying the integration of trust and technology adoption variables within the TPB framework. In addition, technological characteristics (download delay, Website navigability, and information protection), consumer skills, time and monetary resources, and product characteristics (product diagnosticity and product value) add to the explanatory and predictive power of our model. Implications for Information Systems, e-commerce, TPB, and the study of trust are discussed.

Understanding and Predicting Electronic Commerce Adoption: An Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Past research in the area of information systems acceptance has primarily focused on initial adoption under the implicit assumption that IS usage is mainly determined by intention. While plausible in the case of initial IS adoption, this assumption may not be as readily applicable to continued IS usage behavior since it ignores that frequently performed behaviors tend to become habitual and thus automatic over time.

This paper is a step forward in defining and incorporating the "habit" construct into IS research. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to explore the role of habit and its antecedents in the context of continued IS usage.

Building on previous work in other disciplines, we define habit in the context of IS usage as the extent to which people tend to perform behaviors (use IS) automatically because of learning. Using recent work on the continued usage of IS (IS continuance), we have developed a model suggesting that continued IS usage is not only a consequence of intention, but also of habit. In particular, in our research model, we propose IS habit to moderate the influence of intention such that its importance in determining behavior decreases as the behavior in question takes on a more habitual nature. Integrating past research on habit and IS continuance further, we suggest how antecedents of behavior/behavioral intention as identified by IS continuance research relate to drivers of habitualization.

We empirically tested the model in the context of voluntary continued WWW usage. Our results support the argument that habit acts as a moderating variable of the relationship between intentions and IS continuance behavior, which may put a boundary condition on the explanatory power of intentions in the context of continued IS usage. The data also support that satisfaction, frequency of past behavior, and comprehensiveness of usage are key to habit formation and thus relevant in the context of IS continuance behavior. Implications of these findings are discussed and managerial guidelines presented.

How habit limits the predictive power of intention: the case of information systems continuance

Over the last two decades, information systems (IS) research has primarily focused on people’s conscious (intentional) behavior when trying to explain and predict IS usage. Consequently, almost no research has investigated the potential importance of subconscious (automatic) behaviors, also known as habits. This study represents a first step toward validating the idea that one can add explanatory power to a behavioral model such as Ajzen’s [1985] theory of planned behavior (TPB) by including the habit construct. We conducted a two-stage questionnaire-based survey involving two different groups of students who had access to a sophisticated internet-based communication tool (IBCT). These data were used to test a behavioral model integrating theoretical constructs of TPB and a relevant subset of Triandis’ [1980] behavioral framework. Our findings highlight the importance of considering both conscious (intentions) and subconscious (habits) factors in explaining usage behavior. Furthermore, we share our observations about antecedents of IBCT usage in the educational context. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

Force of Habit and Information Systems Usage: Theory and Initial Validation

The ability to predict IT usage behavior has been an important area of inquiry in IS research for many years Yet, to date, the predominant approach has been on the conscious cognitive aspect of this behavior Consequently, the primary focus has been on the formation of intentions and its impact on the subsequent behavior of IT usage almost to the exclusion of other factors The purpose of this study is to highlight an alternative viewpoint that suggests the equally important role of the automatic response known as habit Applying theories of human behavior, we developed a model that shows the impact of both intentions and habit on IT usage More importantly, we demonstrate that the influence of intention on usage will vary depending on the level of one’s habit This finding implies that there can be situations where intention will, in fact, have no impact on behavior and that further research is needed to understand these conditions and the factors that lead to such situations

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Intention does not always Matter: The Contingent Role of Habit in IT Usage Behaviour.

How a firm supports its enterprise resource planning system after putting it into production, when its maintenance may be said to be emergent, is critical to the benefits it will eventually derive. Here we report a longitudinal case study of one firm's emergent maintenance of its SAP R/3 system. The study reveals that maintenance-related roles and relationships differ substantively from those typical of traditional maintenance. We view this firm's maintenance practices to be a harbinger of broader and longer-term change in maintaining application portfolios. We suggest that the roles and relationships involved are likely to be more complex and therefore more varied in organizational form. In particular, we anticipate: (1) greater sharing of the maintenance task among more participants, with the firm's users often assuming the lead, supported by vendors and third parties; (2) the IS department often playing a more limited, but still key role in providing a portfolio's ongoing support services; and (3) a contingency approach to maintenance, the best approach being a function of specific organizational and systems circumstances. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Emergent maintenance of ERP: new roles and relationships

This case describes how Siemens Power Corporation, a Richland, Washington, USA-based manufacturer of nuclear fuel assemblies, came to adopt and implement SAP's R/3 application suite, the world's leading enterprise resource planning (ERP) package. The case introduces the reader to the type of decision making related to an ERP adoption and implementation and provides some interesting examples of factors which may influence actual decisions and outcomes. Among other things, the case touches on the following issues: the relationship between restructuring (re-engineering) and software adoption and implementation, the choice of package software, the pros and cons of alternative implementation approaches ('big bang' versus 'phased'), the selection of hardware and the value of consultants. By January 1999 Siemens Power Corporation's (SPC's) restructuring project was more than 2 years under way. To SPC's top management's great relief, the company had made major progress ever since SPC's German parent Siemens AG hi...

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1080%2F026839699344548.pdf

Sabine Gabriele Hirt

Papers

How habit limits the predictive power of intention: the case of information systems continuance

Force of Habit and Information Systems Usage: Theory and Initial Validation

Intention does not always Matter: The Contingent Role of Habit in IT Usage Behaviour.

Emergent maintenance of ERP: new roles and relationships

Adopting SAP at Siemens Power Corporation