2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1797952/1-s2.0-S0140673618322797-main.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/164632/2/01_Bin%2bSayeed_Global%252C_regional%252C_and_national_2018.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, andyears lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematicanalysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, SCM, FAHA Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH Stephanie E. Chiuve, ScD Mary Cushman, MD, MSc, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, FAHA Rajat Deo, MD, MTR Sarah D. de Ferranti, MD, MPH James Floyd, MD, MS Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Cathleen Gillespie, MS Carmen R. Isasi, MD, PhD, FAHA Monik C. Jiménez, ScD, SM Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD Suzanne E. Judd, PhD Daniel Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Lynda Lisabeth, PhD, MPH, FAHA Simin Liu, MD, ScD, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Rachel H. Mackey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH, FAHA Robert W. Neumar, MD, PhD, FAHA Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS, FAHA Dilip K. Pandey, MBBS, MS, PhD, FAHA Ravi R. Thiagarajan, MD, MPH Mathew J. Reeves, PhD Matthew Ritchey, PT, DPT, OCS, MPH Carlos J. Rodriguez, MD, MPH, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, FAHA Comilla Sasson, MD, PhD, FAHA Amytis Towfighi, MD Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH Melanie B. Turner, MPH Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA Jenifer H. Voeks, PhD Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS John T. Wilkins, MD Jason HY. Wu, MSc, PhD, FAHA Heather M. Alger, PhD Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Paul Muntner, PhD, MHSc On behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Evaluation of the Yale New Haven Readmission Risk Score for Pneumonia in a General Hospital Population: Methodologic Issues.

Burned patients who die from causes other than the burn affect the model used to predict mortality: A national exploratory study; Methodological issues.

Comment on data sparsity - Diagnostic and prognostic significance of systemic alkyl quinolones for P. aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: A longitudinal study.

We were interested to read the paper by Kanbay et al that was published in The Clinical Respiratory Journal. The authors tried to examine the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and cognitive functions in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. The authors used a cross sectional design to examine the association. The results have suggested that before CPAP treatment, there were a significant correlation between mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and IGF-1 level with oxygen desaturation index, minimal oxygen saturation and mean oxygen saturation. After CPAP treatment, any correlation between MMSE scores and IGF-1 level with these parameters was not significant. Although the results were very interesting, however, some methodological and statistical issue should be noticed to avoid misinterpretation. The estimated association measures in cross-sectional design are along with degree of interpretation fallacy so that this type of design does not imply causality and temporality. The authors used spearman correlation test to assess the strength of associations. Although this test may show degree of strength of association between two variables, however, it does not imply they are responsible for each other. In contrast, Spearman correlation test only measures linear relationship between two variables. If the relationship is not linear then the result is invalid. Moreover, it seems that there is high likely of confounding due to not adjustment for confounders. We suggest the authors used partial correlation analysis and multivariable analysis. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The effect of CPAP therapy on insulin-like growth factor and cognitive functions in obstructive sleep apnea patients: Methodological issues.

Background and aims: One of the most important problems of public health is illicit drug use The aim of this study was to assess the status of illicit drug use and associated factors among hookah smokers in Khalil Abad city in 2015 Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Khalil Abad city (northeast of Iran) in 2015 A sample of 161 hookah users was selected using 2-stage sampling Structured questionnaires were distributed among the subjects and participants were included in the study after completing informed consent form To analyze the data, we used chi-square, t test and logistic regression model Results: The prevalence of illicit drug use was 36% The result of final logistic regression model, with inclusion of confounders, showed that job status (odds ratio [OR] = 413), smoking in the last year (OR = 384) and prescription opioid drug use (OR = 377), were associated with illicit drug use Conclusion: Our results showed high prevalence of illicit drug use, which was strongly associated with unemployment and other substances use The results of this study can be used for planning for epidemiological studies in national scale in order to implement and evaluating interventions by considering the risk factors of hookah smoking in this type of individuals

/pdf/illicit-drug-use-and-its-correlations-among-hookah-users-in-56xfxq15pt.pdf

Saeid Safiri

Papers

Evaluation of the Yale New Haven Readmission Risk Score for Pneumonia in a General Hospital Population: Methodologic Issues.

Burned patients who die from causes other than the burn affect the model used to predict mortality: A national exploratory study; Methodological issues.

Comment on data sparsity - Diagnostic and prognostic significance of systemic alkyl quinolones for P. aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: A longitudinal study.

The effect of CPAP therapy on insulin-like growth factor and cognitive functions in obstructive sleep apnea patients: Methodological issues.

Illicit Drug Use and its Correlations Among Hookah Users in Khalil Abad, Northeast of Iran