Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands.

Epidemiological studies have revealed that a diet rich in plant-derived foods has a protective effect on human health. Identifying bioactive dietary constituents is an active area of scientific investigation that may lead to new drug discovery. Kaempferol (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is a flavonoid found in many edible plants (e.g. tea, broccoli, cabbage, kale, beans, endive, leek, tomato, strawberries and grapes) and in plants or botanical products commonly used in traditional medicine (e.g. Ginkgo biloba, Tilia spp, Equisetum spp, Moringa oleifera, Sophora japonica and propolis). Some epidemiological studies have found a positive association between the consumption of foods containing kaempferol and a reduced risk of developing several disorders such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that kaempferol and some glycosides of kaempferol have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporotic, estrogenic/antiestrogenic, anxiolytic, analgesic and antiallergic activities. In this article, the distribution of kaempferol in the plant kingdom and its pharmacological properties are reviewed. The pharmacokinetics (e.g. oral bioavailability, metabolism, plasma levels) and safety of kaempferol are also analyzed. This information may help understand the health benefits of kaempferol-containing plants and may contribute to develop this flavonoid as a possible agent for the prevention and treatment of some diseases.

A review on the dietary flavonoid kaempferol.

Triazole compounds containing three nitrogen atoms in the five-membered aromatic azole ring are readily able to bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological system via diverse non-covalent interactions, and thus display versatile biological activities. The related researches in triazole-based derivatives as medicinal drugs have been an extremely active topic, and numerous excellent achievements have been acquired. Noticeably, a large number of triazole compounds as clinical drugs or candidates have been frequently employed for the treatment of various types of diseases, which have shown their large development value and wide potential as medicinal agents. This work systematically reviewed the recent researches and developments of the whole range of triazole compounds as medicinal drugs, including antifungal, anticancer, antibacterial, antitubercular, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anticonvulsant, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, anti-obesitic, antihistaminic, anti-neuropathic, antihypertensive as well as other biological activities. The perspectives of the foreseeable future in the research and development of triazole-based compounds as medicinal drugs are also presented. It is hoped that this review will serve as a stimulant for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic triazole medicinal drugs.

Recent researches in triazole compounds as medicinal drugs.

1,3,4-Thiadiazole: Synthesis, Reactions, and Applications in Medicinal, Agricultural, and Materials Chemistry

Flavonoids and their glycosides, including anthocyanins

Introduction:Malignant pleural effusion is commonest cause of exudative pleural effusions. Chemical pleurodesis, using an intrapleural sclerosing agent, is a good palliative measure to obliterate the pleural space, prevent fluid accumulation and improve breathing. Objective:  To compare early pleurodesis practice with late pleurodesis practice in with patients with radiologically expanded lung in term of pleurodesis success, post pleurodesis drainage, and hospital stay. Study Design, Place and Duration: It was a randomized clinical trial conducted in Pulmonology Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from26 March 2009 to 25 March 2010. Materials and Methods:  Patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomly assigned to early pleurodesis group (Group I) and late pleurodesis group (Group II). Tetracycline was used as sclerosing agent for pleurodesis in both groups. Group I comprises those patients in whom lung was expanded radiologically while daily drainage was still more than 100ml. Group II includes those patients in whom lung was expanded as well as daily drainage was less 100ml. pleurodesis was considered successful if post pleurodesis drainage was less than 150ml in 24 hours and failed if drainage was more than 150 ml per day for 3 days. Total hospitay stay was counted from the date of intubation to the date of extubation. Results: Out of 234 patients 122 (51.1%) were males and 112 (47.9%) were females. In Group I age range was 17 to 110 years with mean of 58 + 15 SD, while in Group II, age range was 13 to 90 years with mean of 54+14 SD. In Group I and Group II the pleurodesis success rate was 89.3% and 94% respectively (p 0.260). Mean post pleurodesis drainage in successful Group I and Group II was 164 ml 341 and 99+138 (P-value 0.95). Mean hospital stay in Group I was 6.16 days 5 while In Group II mean hospital stay was 7.88 days 4 with a Pvalue of 0.017.( Mean hospital stay in successful Group I was 5.19 days 3.5 while In Group II mean hospital stay was 7.6 days 4.15 with a p value of 0.000). Comparison of the early versus late pleurodesis in term of hospital stay showed significant difference (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: Early pleurodesis is not inferior and as better as late pleurodesis in patients with pleural effusion when lung is expanded radiologically irrespective of the excessive daily drainage.

http://www.pjcm.net/index.php/pjcm/article/view/422/360

Comparison of early Pleurodesis Practice with conventional (Late) Pleurodesis Practice in patients with Radiologically Expanded Lung having Exudative Pleural Effusion

Simple Summary Symbiotic relationships are common in nature and have influenced the evolution of life across the cosmos. Bacterial secondary symbionts are linked to the evolution of aphids’ heightened natural enemy defense mechanisms. Due to their significant historical contributions to insect control, entomopathogenic fungi are recognized as potential biocontrol agents. The research highlights the role of symbiotic bacteria in the protection of insects, especially aphids, against the entomopathogenic fungi and discuss potential implications of this symbiosis. Abstract The research was focused on the ability of wheat aphids Sitobion avenae, harboring bacterial secondary symbionts (BSS) Hamiltonella defensa or Regiella insecticola, to withstand exposure to fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum. In comparison to aphids lacking bacterial secondary symbionts, BSS considerably increased the lifespan of wheat aphids exposed to B. bassiana strains (Bb1022, EABb04/01-Tip) and M. brunneum strains (ART 2825 and BIPESCO 5) and also reduced the aphids’ mortality. The wheat aphid clones lacking bacterial secondary symbionts were shown to be particularly vulnerable to M. brunneum strain BIPESCO 5. As opposed to wheat aphids carrying bacterial symbionts, fungal pathogens infected the wheat aphids lacking H. defensa and R. insecticola more quickly. When treated with fungal pathogens, bacterial endosymbionts had a favorable effect on the fecundity of their host aphids compared to the aphids lacking these symbionts, but there was no change in fungal sporulation on the deceased aphids. By defending their insect hosts against natural enemies, BSS increase the population of their host society and may have a significant impact on the development of their hosts.

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/11/1037/pdf?version=1668584862

Influence of Bacterial Secondary Symbionts in Sitobion avenae on Its Survival Fitness against Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum

Insect’s (Honey Bee) Diversity: A Rapidly Growing Threat Accelerated by Environmental Pollutants

Seed viability, seed germination, and micropropagation of Aconitum violaceum Jacq. ex Stapf—a rare and threatened medicinal plant of Ladakh Himalaya

Background: The goal of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-dose tirofiban compared to standard care in patients undergoing primary PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: This study was carried out at the Tertiary care hospital Rawalpindi (Pakistan) from June 2021 to December 2022. The administration of high-dose tirofiban or usual treatment was randomly assigned to a total of 600 individuals. The main outcome was the 30-day composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), that involved stroke, target vessel revascularization, repeat myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. Aside from problems related to bleeding, stent thrombosis was one of the secondary outcomes. Results: When compared to the group receiving conventional medication, the rate of the main endpoint was significantly reduced in the tirofiban group (5.7% vs. 10.3%, p=0.03). This was principally caused by a decline in target vessel revascularization and recurring myocardial infarction in the tirofiban category. In terms of stent thrombosis or hemorrhage problems, there wasn't no discernible difference among both groups. Conclusion: In patients receiving primary PCI for STEMI, high-dose tirofiban added to conventional treatment lowers the risk of MACE at 30 days. 

/pdf/high-dose-tirofiban-versus-standard-therapy-in-primary-pci-2wpc5idw.pdf

Sajjad Ali

Papers

Comparison of early Pleurodesis Practice with conventional (Late) Pleurodesis Practice in patients with Radiologically Expanded Lung having Exudative Pleural Effusion

Influence of Bacterial Secondary Symbionts in Sitobion avenae on Its Survival Fitness against Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum

Insect’s (Honey Bee) Diversity: A Rapidly Growing Threat Accelerated by Environmental Pollutants

Seed viability, seed germination, and micropropagation of Aconitum violaceum Jacq. ex Stapf—a rare and threatened medicinal plant of Ladakh Himalaya

High dose tirofiban versus standard therapy in primary PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)