Tumourigenic tissue uses modified metabolic signalling pathways in order to support hyperproliferation and survival. Cancer-associated aerobic glycolysis resulting in lactic acid production was described nearly 100 years ago. Furthermore, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate quantities increase metabolic, survival and proliferation signalling, resulting in increased tumourigenesis. In order to maintain redox balance, the cell possesses innate antioxidant defence systems such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. Several stimuli including cells deprived of nutrients or failure of antioxidant systems result in oxidative stress and cell death induction. Among the cell death machinery is autophagy, a compensatory mechanism whereby energy is produced from damaged and/or redundant organelles and proteins, which prevents the accumulation of waste products, thereby maintaining homeostasis. Furthermore, autophagy is maintained by several pathways including phosphoinositol 3 kinases, the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, hypoxia-inducible factor, avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog and protein kinase receptor-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase. The persistent potential of cancer metabolism, redox regulation and the crosstalk with autophagy in scientific investigation pertains to its ability to uncover essential aspects of tumourigenic transformation. This may result in clinical translational possibilities to exploit tumourigenic oxidative status and autophagy to advance our capabilities to diagnose, monitor and treat cancer.

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Crosstalk between the Warburg effect, redox regulation and autophagy induction in tumourigenesis

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense

Effect of grape seed extract on quality and microbiota community of container-cultured snakehead (Channa argus) fillets during chilled storage

Cardiovascular disorders are leading mortality causes worldwide, often with a latent evolution. Vascular health depends on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. Preventive medicine deserves special attention, focusing on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has well-known health benefits, especially due to its polyphenolic components. Anthocyanins, water-soluble flavonoid species, responsible for the red-blue color in plants and commonly found in berries, exert favorable effects on the endothelial function, oxidative stress, inhibit COX-1, and COX-2 enzymes, exert antiatherogenic, antihypertensive, antiglycation, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activity, ameliorate dyslipidemia and arterial stiffness. The present review aims to give a current overview of the mechanisms involved in the vascular protective effect of anthocyanins from the human diet, considering epidemiological data, in vitro and in vivo preclinical research, clinical observational, retrospective, intervention and randomized studies, dietary and biomarker studies, and discussing preventive benefits of anthocyanins and future research directions.

Effects of Anthocyanins on Vascular Health.

Investigation of antioxidant ability of grape seeds extract to prevent oxidatively induced DNA damage by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The inhibitory effects of 2-thiazolyl hydrazones on monoamine oxidase enzymes are known for a long time. In this study, a new series of 2-thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized starting from 6-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde. All of the synthesized compounds were investigated in terms of their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory effects and significant results were found. The results showed that compound 2j potently inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B, while compound 2t strongly and selectively inhibited MAO-B compared to standard drugs. Compounds 2k and 2q exhibited selective and satisfying inhibition on MAO-B. In the aromatase inhibition studies of the compounds, it was determined that compounds 2q and 2u had high inhibitory properties. Molecular docking studies on MAO-A, MAO-B, and aromatase enzymes were carried out for the aforementioned compounds. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation was studied for compound 2q on MAO-B and aromatase complexes. Finally, the Field-based QSAR study was developed and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was explained. For the first time, dual inhibitors on MAO and aromatase enzyme were investigated together. The aim of this approach is for finding the potential agents that do not cause the cognitive disorders and may even treat neurodegenerative symptoms, thus, the aim was reached successfully. 

Synthesis of novel thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives as potent dual monoamine oxidase-aromatase inhibitors.

Ultrasensitive determination of DNA oxidation products by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and the role of antioxidants in the prevention of oxidative damage.

Lung cancer has a high treatment cost and poor prognosis in comparison to other types of cancers This work was involved in studying oxidative DNA base damage inhibition Accordingly, standard carvacrol, thymol, thymoquinone with water and water-methanol extract of thyme (Origanum vulgare L subsp hirtum (link) Ietswaart), thyme oil and thyme water were prepared and investigated for their efficacy to inhibit DNA oxidative damage formed by H2O2 in malignant lung cells (A549) The antioxidant capacity by ABTS assay was 27173 ± 1145 mg trolox equivalent/mL for thyme oil HPLC analysis was carried out to determine the contents of different thyme extracts, results showing the presence of carvacrol, thymol, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin and rosmarinic acid in water and water-methanol extracts while only carvacrol and thymol were found in thyme oil and thyme water After DNA isolation from the cultured cells, the formed oxidative induced DNA damage products were analysed using GC–MS/MS It was proven that the antioxidants in the cell culture media have succeeded to inhibit oxidative DNA base damage Thymoquinone was shown to be the best protectant antioxidant among other antioxidants against the formation of oxidative DNA damage, whereas water-methanol extract of thyme was the best among the plant-sourced samples Thymoquinone and thyme water-methanol extract were investigated for their efficacy on cultured healthy lung cells (BEAS-2B), and it was proven that they are efficient in protection against the oxidation of DNA of healthy lung cells too

Quantification of DNA damage products by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in lung cell lines and prevention effect of thyme antioxidants on oxidative induced DNA damage.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09746

Design and synthesis of novel enantiopure Bis(5-Isoxazolidine) derivatives: insights into their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential via in silico drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, medicinal chemistry properties, and molecular docking studies

Sam Dawbaa

Papers

Investigation of antioxidant ability of grape seeds extract to prevent oxidatively induced DNA damage by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Synthesis of novel thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives as potent dual monoamine oxidase-aromatase inhibitors.

Ultrasensitive determination of DNA oxidation products by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and the role of antioxidants in the prevention of oxidative damage.

Quantification of DNA damage products by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in lung cell lines and prevention effect of thyme antioxidants on oxidative induced DNA damage.

Design and synthesis of novel enantiopure Bis(5-Isoxazolidine) derivatives: insights into their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential via in silico drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, medicinal chemistry properties, and molecular docking studies