Samwel Mbugua

TL;DR: The hypothesis that normal HMO concentrations and profiles vary geographically, even in healthy women is supported and targeted genomic analyses are required to determine whether these differences are due at least in part to genetic variation.

TL;DR: The data provide additional evidence of within- and among-population differences in milk and infant fecal bacterial community membership and diversity and support for a relationship between the bacterial communities in Milk and those of the recipient infant's feces.

TL;DR: Qualitative analysis of interview and FGD transcripts indicated that the maternal experience of hunger contributes to perceived milk insufficiency, anxiety about infant hunger and a perception that access to adequate food is necessary for successful breastfeeding.

TL;DR: This approach may help define which immune factors are (or are not) common in milk produced by women living in various conditions, and to identify host, lifestyle, and environmental factors that affect the immunological composition of this complex biological fluid.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the social environment of infants may influence the bacterial composition of the infant GIM, although the mechanism is unknown.