https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000050288/18451059

Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review

The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) brings together over 300 international researchers to provide an independent, scientifically based, integrated and policy-relevant analysis of current and emerging energy issues and options. It has been peer-reviewed anonymously by an additional 200 international experts. The GEA assesses the major global challenges for sustainable development and their linkages to energy; the technologies and resources available for providing energy services; future energy systems that address the major challenges; and the policies and other measures that are needed to realize transformational change toward sustainable energy futures. The GEA goes beyond existing studies on energy issues by presenting a comprehensive and integrated analysis of energy chalenges, opportunities and strategies, for developing, industrialized and emerging economies. This volume is a invaluable resource for energy specialists and technologists in all sectors (academia, industry and government) as well as policymakers, development economists and practitioners in international organizations and national governments.

Global Energy Assessment: Toward a Sustainable Future

History and future of domestic biogas plants in the developing world

Globally, there is increasing awareness that renewable energy and energy efficiency are vital for both creating new economic opportunities and controlling the environmental pollution. AD technology is the biochemical process of biogas production which can change the complex organic materials into a clean and renewable source of energy. AcoD process is a reliable alternative option to resolve the disadvantages of single substrate digestion system related to substrate characteristics and system optimization. This paper reviewed the research progress and challenges of AcoD technology, and the contribution of different techniques in biogas production engineering. As the applicability and demand of the AcoD technology increases, the complexity of the system becomes increased, and the characterization of organic materials becomes volatile which requires advanced methods for investigation. Numerous publications have been noted that ADM1 model and its modified version becomes the most powerful tool to optimize the AcoD process of biogas production, and indicating that the disintegration and hydrolysis steps are the limiting factors of co-digestion process. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) test is promising method to determine the biodegradability and decomposition rate of organic materials. The addition of different environmentally friendly nanoparticles can improve the stability and performance of the AcoD system. The process optimization and improvement of biogas production still seek further investigations. Furthermore, using advanced simulation approaches and characterization methods of organic wastes can accelerate the transformation to industrializations, and realize the significant improvement of biogas production as a renewable source and economically feasible energy in developing countries, like China. Finally, the review reveals, designing and developing a framework, including various aspects to improve the biogas production is essential.

Anaerobic co-digestion process for biogas production: Progress, challenges and perspectives

Towards sustainable production of clean energy carriers from biomass resources

As a renewable energy, biogas is not only an important part of the development of rural new energy, but also an important aspect of sustainable development in China. The development process and present status of household biogas, specifically the opportunities and constraints of household biogas in rural China, are discussed in this paper. Only about 19% of the biogas potential has been utilized in rural China. There are several opportunities for household biogas development in rural China, including the problem of rural household energy consumption, the availability of biogas fermentation materials, national financial subsidies, legal and international clean development mechanisms. Also, more research needs to be done in straw fermentation and cold fermentation technology. Training should be conducted to raise the level of biogas customers in comprehensive biogas utilization. Measures should be taken to improve the follow-up services and management of biogas plants. The information presented in this paper will be helpful not only to the sustainable development of household biogas in rural China, but also to the development of biogas in similar countries around the world.

Household biogas use in rural China: A study of opportunities and constraints

Developing biogas capacity is a key pillar in China’s rural sustainable development program. The very dynamic transition of the rural socio-economic platform on which the current biogas development strategy has been based will require significant adjustments in material, technology and supply. The changes of socio-economic status, the problems of resent state and prospects of rural biogas development in China, including fermentation material, fermentation technology, development model and comprehensive utilization of biogas, are discussed in this paper. The results of our analysis indicated the full use of straw as a raw material will be the direction of biogas development in China. Dry methane fermentation will become an important method in the large scale production of biogas from agricultural wastes. The central supply model is the future biogas development model in rural China. It is with broad market and great potential to produce commercial fertilizer from biogas residue. Using biogas to generate electricity has become a new and efficient way to use biogas.

Status and prospects of rural biogas development in China

The objective of this study was to assess biogas production capacity in different regions of China based on climate conditions and substrate availability. The results of our analysis indicated large differences in below-ground temperature and solar energy resources among different regions of China. According to data collected in 2006, slightly more than 1200 million tons of crop residue and manure could be used as substrates for biogas production. We suggest that household biogas technology must be developed according to local conditions.

Sandra Sweeney

Papers

Household biogas use in rural China: A study of opportunities and constraints

Status and prospects of rural biogas development in China

Resource availability for household biogas production in rural China