Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya : a randomised controlled trial. Commentary

Contribution of Fisheries and Aquaculture to Food Security and Poverty Reduction: Assessing the Current Evidence

Revisiting the understanding of "transactional sex" in sub-Saharan Africa: A review and synthesis of the literature.

This article explores the pattern of early marriage in Africa. It focuses on the sub-Saharan region as an area with the highest rates of early marriage in the world. The harmful effects of early marriage are explored in terms of impact on the health, education and economic well-being of young girls. The paper outlines a framework for analyzing global, regional and local initiatives to curb early marriage and examines the application of these interventions in sub-Saharan countries. Regional patterns are then examined and countries which have made progress in reducing age of marriage are compared to countries in which age of marriage amongst girls has reminded low. The paper concludes on the note that countries with the highest rates of early marriage are also the countries with the highest rates of poverty and highest population growth rates. The paper argues for a sub-regional strategy to address the problem of early marriage in the zone with the highest incidence.

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Early Marriage in Africa – Trends, Harmful Effects and Interventions

In 2000 the first national probability survey of adult sexual behavior in China was completed. We use these data to address three questions. First has there been a revolution in sexual behavior in China? We examine eight trends covering two markers of change: a) the onset of sexual behavior (puberty masturbation age at first sex and marriage premarital sex) and b) commodification of sex (use of pornographic materials and commercial sex) and concurrent sex. We present a historical overview of previous studies and analyze findings from the national survey. Second is China unique in these transformations? We seek to situate findings pointing to a sexual revolution in China within a regional and global context considering whether China is different or follows patterns similar to those in other parts of the world. Third what are the implications of these findings for Chinas risk of a generalized HIV epidemic? As suggestive of possible future disease patterns we examine results from urine samples for the sexually transmitted infection chlamydia trachomatis - a potential co-factor of HIV. Although sexual behavior retains some distinctly Chinese characteristics our survey data demonstrate that a sexual revolution is occurring in China reflected by the fact that the sexual behavior of the countrys post open-door generation differs markedly from that of earlier generations. (excerpt)

Sexual Behavior in China: Trends and Comparisons

Fishing in dangerous waters: Ecology, gender and economy in HIV risk

CONTEXT: STDs, including HIV, disproportionately affect individuals who have multiple minority identities. Understanding differences in STD risk factors across racial, ethnic and sexual minority groups, as well as genders, is important for tailoring public health interventions.



METHODS: Data from Waves 3 (2001–2002) and 4 (2007–2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to develop population-based estimates of STD and HIV risk factors among 11,045 young adults (mean age, 29 at Wave 4), by gender, race and ethnicity, and sexual orientation (heterosexual, mixed-oriented, gay). Regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between risk factors and young adults’ characteristics.



RESULTS: Overall, sexual-minority women in each racial or ethnic group had a higher prevalence of sexual risk behaviors—including a history of multiple partners, forced sex and incarceration—than their heterosexual counterparts. Mixed-oriented women in each racial or ethnic group were more likely than heterosexual white women to have received an STD diagnosis (odds ratios, 1.8–6.4). Black men and sexual-minority men also appeared to be at heightened risk. Gay men in all racial and ethnic groups were significantly more likely than heterosexual white men to report having received an STD diagnosis (2.3–8.3); compared with heterosexual white men, mixed-oriented black men had the highest odds of having received such a diagnosis (15.2).



CONCLUSIONS: Taking account of multiple minority identities should be an important part of future research and intervention efforts for STD and HIV prevention.

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STD and HIV risk factors among U.S. young adults: variations by gender, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation.

List of Illustrations Preface 1. A Stubborn Disparity 2. Consuming Women, Modernity, and HIV Risk 3. Historical and Cultural Context 4. Love, Money, and HIV Prevention 5. School and the Production of Consuming Women 6. Gendered Economies and the Role of Ecology in HIV Risk 7. "To Stem HIV in Africa, Prevent Transmission to Young Women" Epilogue: The Magic Bullet Notes Appendix Bibliography Acknowledgments Index

Love, Money, and HIV: Becoming a Modern African Woman in the Age of AIDS

Several studies have demonstrated a link between young people’s sexual behavior and levels of parental monitoring, parent-child communication, and parental discipline in Western countries. However, little is known about this association in African settings, especially among young people living in high poverty settings such as urban slums. The objective of the study was to assess the influence of parental factors (monitoring, communication, and discipline) on the transition to first sexual intercourse among unmarried adolescents living in urban slums in Kenya.

https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/tm70mx62g

Sanyu A. Mojola

Papers

Sexual Behavior in China: Trends and Comparisons

Fishing in dangerous waters: Ecology, gender and economy in HIV risk

STD and HIV risk factors among U.S. young adults: variations by gender, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation.

Love, Money, and HIV: Becoming a Modern African Woman in the Age of AIDS

Influence of parental factors on adolescents' transition to first sexual intercourse in Nairobi, Kenya: a longitudinal study