抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Peptides or proteins convert under some conditions from their soluble forms into highly ordered fibrillar aggregates. Such transitions can give rise to pathological conditions ranging from neurodegenerative disorders to systemic amyloidoses. In this review, we identify the diseases known to be associated with formation of fibrillar aggregates and the specific peptides and proteins involved in each case. We describe, in addition, that living organisms can take advantage of the inherent ability of proteins to form such structures to generate novel and diverse biological functions. We review recent advances toward the elucidation of the structures of amyloid fibrils and the mechanisms of their formation at a molecular level. Finally, we discuss the relative importance of the common main-chain and side-chain interactions in determining the propensities of proteins to aggregate and describe some of the evidence that the oligomeric fibril precursors are the primary origins of pathological behavior.

/pdf/protein-misfolding-functional-amyloid-and-human-disease-2w386pwb7k.pdf

Protein Misfolding, Functional Amyloid, and Human Disease

We review the dynamical mean-field theory of strongly correlated electron systems which is based on a mapping of lattice models onto quantum impurity models subject to a self-consistency condition. This mapping is exact for models of correlated electrons in the limit of large lattice coordination (or infinite spatial dimensions). It extends the standard mean-field construction from classical statistical mechanics to quantum problems. We discuss the physical ideas underlying this theory and its mathematical derivation. Various analytic and numerical techniques that have been developed recently in order to analyze and solve the dynamical mean-field equations are reviewed and compared to each other. The method can be used for the determination of phase diagrams (by comparing the stability of various types of long-range order), and the calculation of thermodynamic properties, one-particle Green's functions, and response functions. We review in detail the recent progress in understanding the Hubbard model and the Mott metal-insulator transition within this approach, including some comparison to experiments on three-dimensional transition-metal oxides. We present an overview of the rapidly developing field of applications of this method to other systems. The present limitations of the approach, and possible extensions of the formalism are finally discussed. Computer programs for the numerical implementation of this method are also provided with this article.

Dynamical mean-field theory of strongly correlated fermion systems and the limit of infinite dimensions

BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

Details are given of work on a one-dimensional analog of the Kondo-lattice problem, in which a conduction band interacts with a spin in each cell of a lattice Results of a renormalization-group calculation (generalized from Wilson's approach to the single-site Kondo problem) published earlier in letter form, showed that the system undergoes a second-order crossover transition from an antiferromagnetic state to a Kondo-like state at zero temperature as the spin---conduction-electron coupling is increased past a critical value The numerical approximations involved are checked against the case of the Ising chain in a transverse field for which exact solutions are available

Zero-temperature real-space renormalization-group method for a Kondo-lattice model Hamiltonian

Kinetics of lysozyme refolding: structural characterization of a non-specifically collapsed state using time-resolved X-ray scattering.

X-ray Ca K edge of calcium adenosine triphosphate system and of simple Ca compunds

We use a tight-binding Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) formalism to self-consistently calculate the proximity effect, Josephson current, and local density of states in ballistic graphene SNS Josephson junctions. Both short and long junctions, with respect to the superconducting coherence length, are considered, as well as different doping levels of the graphene. We show that self-consistency does not notably change the current-phase relationship derived earlier for short junctions using the non-selfconsistent Dirac-BdG formalism but predict a significantly increased critical current with a stronger junction length dependence. In addition, we show that in junctions with no Fermi level mismatch between the N and S regions superconductivity persists even in the longest junctions we can investigate, indicating a diverging Ginzburg-Landau superconducting coherence length in the normal region.

/pdf/self-consistent-solution-for-proximity-effect-and-josephson-1utj1ucom7.pdf

Self-consistent solution for proximity effect and Josephson current in ballistic graphene SNS Josephson junctions

We extend our previous discussion of the Bose metal to the field-tuned case. We point out that the recent observation of the metallic state as an intermediate phase between the superconductor and the insulator in the field-tuned experiments on MoGe films is in perfect consistency with the Bose metal scenario. We establish a connection between general dissipation models and gauge-field fluctuations and apply this to a discussion of scaling across the quantum phase boundaries of the Bose metallic state. Interestingly, we find that the Bose metal scenario implies a possible two parameter scaling for resistivity across the Bose metal-insulator transition, which is remarkably consistent with the MoGe data. Scaling at the superconductor-metal transition is also proposed, and a phenomenolgical model for the metallic state is discussed. The effective action of the Bose metal state is described and its low energy excitation spectrum is found to be $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\propto}{k}^{3}.$

https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0102442.pdf

Sebastian Doniach

Papers

Zero-temperature real-space renormalization-group method for a Kondo-lattice model Hamiltonian

Kinetics of lysozyme refolding: structural characterization of a non-specifically collapsed state using time-resolved X-ray scattering.

X-ray Ca K edge of calcium adenosine triphosphate system and of simple Ca compunds

Self-consistent solution for proximity effect and Josephson current in ballistic graphene SNS Josephson junctions

Bose metal: Gauge-field fluctuations and scaling for field-tuned quantum phase transitions