The controversy related to the environment pollution is increasing in human life and in the eco-system. Especially, the water pollution is growing rapidly due to the wastewater discharge from the industries. The only way to find the new water resource is the reuse of treated wastewater. Several remediation technologies are available which provides a convenience to reuse the reclaimed wastewater. Heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Hg, etc. contributes various environmental problems based on their toxicity. These toxic metals are exposed to human and environment, the accumulation of ions takes place which causes serious health and environmental hazards. Hence, it is a major concern in the environment. Due to this concern, the significance of developing technology for removing heavy metals has been increased. This paper contributes the outline of new literature with two objectives. First, it provides the sketch about treatment technologies followed by their heavy metal capture capacity from industrial effluent. The treatment performance, their remediation capacity and probable environmental and health impacts were deliberated in this review article. Conclusively, this review paper furnishes the information about the important methods incorporated in lab scale studies which are required to identify the feasible and convenient wastewater treatment. Moreover, attempts have been made to confer the emphasis on sequestration of heavy metals from industrial effluent and establish the scientific background for reducing the discharge of heavy metals into the environment.

Efficient techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment: A review

Heavy metals like arsenic, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, zinc, lead, and mercury are major pollutants of fresh water reservoirs because of their toxic, non-biodegradable, and persistent nature. The industrial growth is the major source of heavy metals introducing such pollutants into different segments of the environment including air, water, soil, and biosphere. Heavy metals are easily absorbed by fishes and vegetables due to their high solubility in the aquatic environments. Hence, they may accumulate in the human body by means of the food chain. Various methods have been developed and used for water and wastewater treatment to decrease heavy metal concentrations. These technologies include membrane filtration, ion-exchange, adsorption, chemical precipitation, nanotechnology treatments, electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes. In this review, the methods as well as their mechanisms and efficiency are discussed.

Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewaters: A Review

https://people.clas.ufl.edu/azimmer/files/Publication-pdf/Inyang12_Removal-of-heavy-metals-from-aqueous-solution-by-biochars.pdf

Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by biochars derived from anaerobically digested biomass

Electrocoagulation for the treatment of textile industry effluent--a review

Electrocoagulation and advanced electrocoagulation processes: A general review about the fundamentals, emerging applications and its association with other technologies

Copper, chromium and nickel removal from metal plating wastewater by electrocoagulation

Copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) removal from metal plating wastewater by electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation was investigated. Chemical coagulation was performed using either aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride, whereas electrocoagulation was done in an electrolytic cell using aluminum or iron electrodes. By chemical coagulation, Cu-, Cr-, and Ni-removal of 99.9 % was achieved with aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride dosages of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg L ―1 , respectively. Removal of metals by electrocoagulation was affected by the electrode material, wastewater pH, current density, number of electrodes, and electrocoagulation time. Electrocoagulation with iron electrodes at a current density of 10 mA cm ―2 , electrocoagulation time of 20 min, and pH 3.0 resulted in 99.9 % Cu-, 99.9 % Cr-, and 98 % Ni-removal.

Comparison of Electrocoagulation and Chemical Coagulation for Heavy Metal Removal

In this study, the performance of electrocoagulation process in the treatment of metal plating wastewater was investigated using different combinations of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes. The effect of applied current, metal concentration, and treatment time on the metal removal efficiency was investigated. The results show that electrocoagulation can effectively reduce metal ions to a very low level. The Fe-Fe and Fe-Al electrode combinations were more effective for the removal of Cu, Cr, and Ni from metal plating wastewater. Almost 100% removal of Cu, Cr, and Ni was achieved with initial Cu concentration of 335 mg/L, Cr concentration of 193 mg/L, Ni concentration of 526 mg/L after 60 min of electrocoagulation at current of 2.0 A with Fe-Al electrode combination. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.

Treatment of metal plating wastewater by electrocoagulation

The adsorptive properties of natural sepiolite in the removal of copper (Cu2+) from aqueous solution were investigated. The results show that the amount of adsorption of copper ion increases with initial copper concentration, contact time, and solution pH. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich models were used to describe the kinetic data and the rate constants were evaluated. The adsorption of the copper onto natural sepiolite at different operating conditions followed the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. The equilibrium adsorption results are fitted better with Langmuir isotherm compared to the other models. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of sepiolite was estimated as 9.64 mg/g at pH 6.0 and temperature of 20°C. An increase in temperature was found to induce a positive effect on the sorption process. Sorption of Cu2+ onto sepiolite was spontaneous an...

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Papers

Copper, chromium and nickel removal from metal plating wastewater by electrocoagulation

Comparison of Electrocoagulation and Chemical Coagulation for Heavy Metal Removal

Treatment of metal plating wastewater by electrocoagulation

Adsorption of copper from aqueous solution onto natural sepiolite: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics, and regeneration studies