Review of tri-generation technologies: Design evaluation, optimization, decision-making, and selection approach

In this work, a carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite (CNTs–RGO) has been synthesized by a facile chemical approach for capacitive removal of salty ions from synthetic salty water. The as-prepared RGO–CNTs composite exhibits a network structure and strong hydrophilicity which are favourable for electrosorption. Cyclic voltammetry results illustrate that CNTs with 10 wt% RGO (CNTs–RGO-10) have the highest electrochemical capacity among all CNTs–RGO samples, implying the high capacitive deionization (CDI) performance. Meanwhile, it is found that the interfacial electron transfer resistance derived from the electrochemical impedance spectra for CNTs–RGO-10 in 1 M NaCl solution is 0.58 Ω which is much lower than that of either pure CNTs or RGO, implying that the introduced CNTs inhibit the aggregation and increase the conductivity by forming a network structure. Furthermore, the CDI performance of CNTs–RGO-10 is demonstrated through a batch mode desalination experiment in a given NaCl solution. The results reveal that the electrosorptive capacity of CNTs–RGO-10 is higher than that of pure CNTs regardless of the applied voltage when the experiment is conducted in NaCl solution with an initial conductivity of 100 μS cm−1. This is due to the optimized synergistic effect. In addition, the electrosorption rate constant as well as charge efficiency of the CNTs–RGO-10 electrode is found to be proportional to the electrical voltage and higher than that of the pure CNTs electrode at each electrical voltage, confirming the enhanced conductivity in the CNTs–RGO-10 electrode. Besides, the result of charge efficiency also demonstrates that CDI is envisioned to be a very energy efficient water desalination technology when the ionic content is relatively low. Finally, the repeatability of the CNTs–RGO-10 electrode is investigated, demonstrating that the CNTs–RGO composite electrode could be regenerated very well without any decay after several cycles.

The capacitive deionization behaviour of a carbon nanotube and reduced graphene oxide composite

http://amfarid.scripts.mit.edu/resources/Journals/EWN-J10.pdf

Real-time economic dispatch for the supply side of the energy-water nexus

Exergetic, economic and environmental analyses and multi-objective optimization of an SOFC-gas turbine hybrid cycle coupled with an MSF desalination system

Direct use and power generation based on geothermal sources are growing at a steadfast pace around the world. Although available abundantly in many parts of the world, geothermal energy sources have been under-utilized in desalination applications. Geothermal sources have the potential to serve as excellent heat sources for thermal desalination processes. Since thermal desalination processes require large quantities of heat sources, geothermal based energy source represents a feasible, sustainable, and an environmentally friendly option. The advantage with geothermal source is that it can act as a heat source and a storage medium for process energy utilization. If these water sources have high dissolved solids, then they can serve as feed water for the desalination process. Since external energy consumption is minimized except for the mechanical energy requirements, geothermal enabled desalination processes could have less environmental impacts when compared to other nonrenewable energy driven desalination processes. Cogeneration schemes for simultaneous water and power production are also possible with geothermal sources as well as poly generation with multiple process benefits involving cooling and heating applications. This paper provides the present state-of-the-art of geothermal desalination with discussion on the benefits of geothermal desalination over other renewable and nonrenewable energy driven desalination configurations. Present status of the worldwide geothermal desalination and the potential for future developments in this technological area were discussed in detail with case studies for Australia, Caribbean Islands, Central America (Coasta Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama), India, Israel, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UAE, USA, and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Geothermal source potential for water desalination – Current status and future perspective

Simulation and optimization of multi effect desalination coupled to a gas turbine plant with HRSG consideration

Cost optimization of a combined power and water desalination plant with exergetic, environment and reliability consideration

Multi-objective optimization of a cogeneration plant for supplying given amount of power and fresh water

Making potable water through desalination plants is a very important process in areas where clean water is highly required. One of the most common and acceptable desalination processes is multiple effect evaporation desalination (MED) process. The main objective of this paper is optimization of MED desalination with thermal vapor compression (METVC) from economical and thermodynamic point of view. Hence, first, a comprehensive thermodynamic model for METVC is developed and then the effect of operating parameters on thermal performance of the system is analyzed. Since the values of operating parameters have a great effect on both thermal performance and cost of the plant, the optimization of these parameters is very important. In this regard, some researchers have focused on improving the economical or thermodynamic aspect of the system. However, in practice it is reasonable to optimize both these criteria simultaneously. Based on this, in order to optimize the process of METVC and show influence ...

A new approach for process optimization of a METVC desalination system

This paper investigates the simulation of a hybrid desalination system composed of multi-effect evaporation with thermal vapour compression desalination (METVC) and reverse osmosis (RO) plant. The hybrid desalination system is also integrated with a gas turbine power plant through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). First, a comprehensive Thermodynamic model for HRSG, METVC, and RO are developed for predicting thermal behaviour of hybrid desalination system. Depending on the interconnection between input and output streams of METVC and RO, six configurations are proposed, and their results are compared in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, METVC desalination production is fixed at its maximum capacity of 70000 m3/day. The heat potential of power plants is fully extracted at maximum capacity of production of METVC. In the second scenario, METVC desalination production is not fixed. The limitation on the total production of the desalination plant (METVC+RO) is imposed as a constraint to the optimization problem. The results show that, regardless of the scenario under consideration, cconfiguration 1(the outlet water of the cooling system in METVC has been used for the feed water of the RO system) has the minimum energy consumption as well as maximum exergy efficiency.

https://www.ije.ir/article_88215_7c4b80dee399140f31e51c13ab8bd058.pdf

Various Approaches to Thermodynamic Optimization of a Hybrid Multi-effect Evaporation with Thermal Vapour Compression and Reverse Osmosis Desalination System Integrated to a Gas Turbine Power Plant

Seyed Ehsan Shakib

Papers

Simulation and optimization of multi effect desalination coupled to a gas turbine plant with HRSG consideration

Cost optimization of a combined power and water desalination plant with exergetic, environment and reliability consideration

Multi-objective optimization of a cogeneration plant for supplying given amount of power and fresh water

A new approach for process optimization of a METVC desalination system

Various Approaches to Thermodynamic Optimization of a Hybrid Multi-effect Evaporation with Thermal Vapour Compression and Reverse Osmosis Desalination System Integrated to a Gas Turbine Power Plant