Hugo and Russell’s Pharmaceutical Microbiology

Across the blood-brain barrier: Neurotherapeutic screening and characterization of naringenin as a novel CRMP-2 inhibitor in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease using bioinformatics and computational tools

In an attempt to identify potential COX-2 inhibitors, a multi-step virtual screening strategy was performed on a series of compounds. For this purpose, ZINC database was screened on the basis of 50% structural similarity with celecoxib and indomethacin as the representative of COX-2 and COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors, respectively. Selected molecules were subjected to various filters such as Lipinski's rule of five and also several ADME parameters. Toxicity risk of molecules was approximated via in silico methods. Moreover, COX-2 inhibitory activities of the selected compounds were predicted using PASS program. Molecular docking was performed to improve the accuracy of screening and also to find the details of the interactions of the hit compounds with the active site. Finally, MD simulations on top-ranked structures ZINC_1130464, ZINC_3181760, ZINC_33402495 and celecoxib were carried out with COX-2. Furthermore, RMSD, RMSF, hydrogen binds, Rg and energy analysis during MD simulation certainly indicated the stable binding of selected compounds with COX-2 structure. Moreover, docking and MD results revealed that hydrophobic contacts and optimum hydrogen bonds were determinant factors in the interactions of in silico hits and COX-2.

Identification of COX-2 inhibitors via structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation.

Pharmacoinformatics-based identification of potential bioactive compounds against Ebola virus protein VP24

Phenolic profiling and in vitro biological properties of two Lamiaceae species (Salvia modesta and Thymus argaeus): A comprehensive evaluation

Objective/background Microbial infections such as tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Plant-derived phytochemicals have a long history of providing much-needed novel therapeutics. Triterpenoids are among the prominent phytochemicals that possess numerous biological activities. Among them is maslinic acid (MA), a biologically active olean-type pentacyclic triterpenoid. In search of a novel antimicrobial agent, we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of MA. Methods Antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated through the agar well diffusion method. Antitubercular activity was analysed through the agar well diffusion and disc diffusion methods, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was determined through assays for total antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging, and Fe 3+ reducing power. The program Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances was used to calculate the possible biological activity of MA. Results MA showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity similar to that of ascorbic acid. It had no inhibitory effect on bacterial strains, but it had moderate activity against the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Ustilago maydis , with Aspergillus niger being the most sensitive to MA. MA also exhibited strong antimycobacterial activity. Probable antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity of MA based on software calculations are 0.479, 0.363 and 0.589 respectively. Conclusion This work provides scientific evidence of the antioxidant, antifungal, and antimycobacterial activities of MA, showing its potential application in the development of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents for the agro-food and pharmaceutical industries.

In silico PASS analysis and determination of antimycobacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant efficacies of maslinic acid in an extract rich in pentacyclic triterpenoids.

Background Phosal based excipients are liquid concentrates containing phospholipids. They are used to solubilize water-insoluble drug and also act as an emulsifier to get the smallest droplet size of the formed emulsion after administration. Objective The aim is to prepare phosal based self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for water insoluble drug zaltoprofen. Methods The various parameters like solubility of drug in different vehicles, ternary phase diagram are considered to formulate the stable emulsion which is further characterized by Self emulsification time and globule size analysis to optimize liquid SNEDDS of Zaltoprofen. Optimized L-SNEDDS was converted into free-flowing powder Solid-SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS). S-SNEDDS was evaluated for Globule size analysis after reconstitution, in vitro dissolution study and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats. Results Phosal 53 MCT with highest drug solubility was used as oil along with Tween 80 and PEG 400 as surfactant and cosurfactant respectively to prepare liquid SNEDDS. Neusilin us2 was used as an adsorbent to get free-flowing S-SNEDDS. S-SNEDDS showed improved dissolution profile of the drug as compared to pure drug. In vivo study demonstrated that there is a significant increase in Cmax and AUC of S-SNEDDS compared to zaltoprofen powder. Conclusion Phosal based SNEDDS formation can be successfully used to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drug zaltoprofen.

/pdf/formulation-and-pharmacokinetic-evaluation-of-phosal-based-4yan9hblo7.pdf

Formulation and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Phosal Based Zaltoprofen Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System

High performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of Formoterol fumarate dihydrate and Fluticasone propionate in dry powder inhalation formulation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on aluminum foil plates precoated with silica gel 60F254, with toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (7: 3: 0.1 % v/v/v) as mobile phase. Detection was performed densitometrically at 215 nm. The RF of Formoterolfumarate dihydrate and Fluticasone propionate were 0.19 ± 0.10and 0.41± 0.10, respectively. Linearity was found to be in the concentration range of 50-350ng/spot for Formoterol fumarate dehydrate and 50- 350ng/spot for Fluticasone propionate, accuracy (99.28 % for Formoterol fumarate dehydrate and 99.46 % for Fluticasone propionate) and specificity, in accordance with ICH guidelines. The methods can be used for routine simultaneous analysis of Formoterol fumarate dihydrate and Fluticasone propionate in dry powder inhalation formulation

Simultaneous Estimation of Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate and Fluticasone Propionate in Dry Powder Inhalation Formulation by HPTLC

A simple, accurate, precise, and specific UV-Vis spectrophotometric simultaneous equation method has been developed for simultaneous determination of famotidine and dicyclomine HCl in its combined tablet dosage form by using methanol as a solvent. The proposed simultaneous equation method involves measurements of wavelength selected at 292 nm for famotidine and 218 nm for dicyclomine HCl. The linearity was found to be in the range of 20-120 µg/ml and 50-100 µg/ml for famotidine and dicyclomine HCl respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in this concentration range with correlation coefficient of 0.998 and 0.999 for famotidine and dicyclomine HCl respectively. The repeatability, Intra-day precision, Interday precision % RSD were found to be 0.140, 0.1305, 0.167 for famotidine and 0.180, 0.0321, 0.0472 for dicyclomine HCl respectively. Limit of detection and quantification was found to be 0.6944 µg/ml and 2.1044µg/ml for famotidine and 0.4446µg/ml for and 1.3474µg/ml for dicyclomine HCl respectively. Assay results for marketed formulation were found to be 98.91% and 101.83% for famotidine and dicyclomine HCl respectively. The proposed method has been validated as per ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the estimation of famotidine and dicyclomine HCl in their combined dosage form.

Simultaneous Determination of Famotidine and Dicyclomine HCl in combined Tablet Dosage form by UV-Spectrophotometer

Â Â Objective: A simple, specific, accurate, and precise method, namely, reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography was to develop for simultaneous estimation of Lidocaine (LDC) and prilocaine (PLC) in a topical local anesthetic cream.Method: The mixture of PLC and LDC was separated on Hi Q Sil C18 HS column, (250 mm A— 4.6 mm, 5 I¼m), column temperature ambient and flow rate 1.2 mL/minutes. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: 0.01 M diethylamine solution (pH adjusts to 6.8 with orthophosphoric acid) (60:40) with detection at 225 nm.Results: The retention time was found to be 6.075Â±0.12 minutes for PLC and 8.642Â±0.15 minutes for LDC, respectively. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 1-6 I¼g/mL for both LDC and PLC, respectively. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guideline and values of linearity, precision, robustness, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, selectivity, and recovery were found to be in good accordance with the prescribed value.Conclusion: The proposed method can be useful in the quality control of LDC and PLC in their topical formulation.

Shailesh J Wadher

Papers

In silico PASS analysis and determination of antimycobacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant efficacies of maslinic acid in an extract rich in pentacyclic triterpenoids.

Formulation and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Phosal Based Zaltoprofen Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System

Simultaneous Estimation of Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate and Fluticasone Propionate in Dry Powder Inhalation Formulation by HPTLC

Simultaneous Determination of Famotidine and Dicyclomine HCl in combined Tablet Dosage form by UV-Spectrophotometer

Development and validation of hplc method for simultaneous determination of lidocaine and prilocaine in topical formulation