Showing papers by "Shaker A. Zahra published in 2006"
TL;DR: In this paper, a definition of dynamic capabilities, separating them from substantive capabilities as well as from their antecedents and consequences, is proposed, and a set of propositions that outline how substantive capabilities and dynamic capabilities are related to one another, how this relationship is moderated by organizational knowledge and skills, and how organizational age affects the speed of utilization of dynamic capability and the learning mode used in organizational change.
Abstract: The emergent literature on dynamic capabilities and their role in value creation is riddled with inconsistencies, overlapping definitions, and outright contradictions. Yet, the theoretical and practical importance of developing and applying dynamic capabilities to sustain a firm's competitive advantage in complex and volatile external environments has catapulted this issue to the forefront of the research agendas of many scholars. In this paper, we offer a definition of dynamic capabilities, separating them from substantive capabilities as well as from their antecedents and consequences. We also present a set of propositions that outline (1) how substantive capabilities and dynamic capabilities are related to one another, (2) how this relationship is moderated by organizational knowledge and skills, (3) how organizational age affects the speed of utilization of dynamic capabilities and the learning mode used in organizational change, and (4) how organizational knowledge and market dynamism affect the likely value of dynamic capabilities. Our discussion and model help to delineate key differences in the dynamic capabilities that new ventures and established companies have, revealing a key source of strategic heterogeneity between these firms.
2,546 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that internationalization has differing effects on firm survival and growth, moderated by organizational age, managerial experience, and resource fungibility, and provide insights into the evolution of capabilities across borders and may be tested and built on by organization researchers.
Abstract: Recent critiques of internationalization process models question the wisdom of delaying internationalization. Internationalizing late allows firms to assemble resources and gain experience but also allows inertia to develop. We resolve this tension by positing that internationalization has differing effects on firm survival and growth. These effects are moderated by organizational age, managerial experience, and resource fungibility. Our framework provides insights into the evolution of capabilities across borders and may be tested and built on by organization researchers.
1,089 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that institutional owners' investment horizons, as well as the frequency and coordination of institutional owners’ activism, moderate the institutional ownership -CSP relationship.
402 citations
TL;DR: A debate persists about the distinctiveness of entrepreneurship research as discussed by the authors, and entrepreneurship research is seen as fragmented and its results are considered non-cumulative, handicapping the evolution of entrepreneurship.
Abstract: A debate persists about the distinctiveness of entrepreneurship research Entrepreneurship research is seen as fragmented and its results are considered noncumulative, handicapping the evolution of
258 citations
01 Jun 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a definition of dynamic capabilities, separating them from substantive capabilities as well as from their antecedents and consequences, is presented, along with a set of propositions that outline how substantive capabilities and dynamic capabilities are related to one another, how this relationship is moderated by organizational knowledge and skills, and how organ-izational age affects the speed of utilization and the learning mode used in organizational change.
Abstract: The emergent literature on dynamic capabilities and their role in value creation is riddled with inconsistencies, overlapping definitions, and outright contradictions. Yet, the theoretical and practical importance of developing and applying dynamic capabilities to sus-tain a firm’s competitive advantage in complex and volatile external environments has cata-pulted this issue to the forefront of the research agendas of many scholars. In this paper, we offer a definition of dynamic capabilities, separating them from substantive capabilities as well as from their antecedents and consequences. We also present a set of propositions that outline (1) how substantive capabilities and dynamic capabilities are related to one another, (2) how this relationship is moderated by organizational knowledge and skills, (3) how organ-izational age affects the speed of utilization of dynamic capabilities and the learning mode used in organizational change, and (4) how organizational knowledge and market dynamism affect the likely value of dynamic capabilities. Our discussion and model help to delineate key differences in the dynamic capabilities that new ventures and established companies have, revealing a key source of strategic heterogeneity between these firms.
243 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conduct a bibliometric analysis to identify the 25 most central research streams in entrepreneurship and describe these groups and investigate their mutual relationships, finding that although the United States represents by far the greatest source of entrepreneurship articles, other countries represent significant sources of research in specific streams.
Abstract: A debate persists about the distinctiveness of entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship research is seen as fragmented and its results are considered noncumulative, handicapping the evolution of the field as a respected scholarly discipline. In this article we conduct a bibliometric analysis to shed light on these issues. We analyze co-citation patterns of entrepreneurship-related articles published in the years 2000 to 2004 and identify the 25 most central research streams in entrepreneurship. We describe these groups and investigate their mutual relationships. Although the United States represents by far the greatest source of entrepreneurship articles, other countries represent significant sources of research in specific streams.
235 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the process of entrepreneurship as a complex process that is riven with technical, organizational, and technical complexity. But, it is essential for profitability and growth.
Abstract: Entrepreneurship in established companies centers on new business creation that is essential for profitability and growth. Yet, it is a complex process that is riven with technical, organizational,...
169 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a special issue devoted to understanding the scientific structure of entrepreneurship research is devoted to identifying insightful, influential, and creative research niches in the entrepreneurship field using bibliometric techniques.
Abstract: This special issue is devoted to understanding the scientific structure of entrepreneurship research. Research in entrepreneurship has grown rapidly, encompassing multiple theoretical and methodological traditions. Articles in this issue use bibliometric techniques to find linkages among published entrepreneurship scholars. These analyses show that research in the entrepreneurship field contains: multiple but disconnected themes; dominant themes that reflect the disciplinary training and lens of their authors; and considerable dynamism and change in key research themes over time. These special issue articles provide rich opportunities for identifying insightful, influential, and creative research niches in the entrepreneurship field.
142 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This article found that entrepreneurial intent is positively correlated with both the promotion focus and the prevention focus of the firm, and that the positive correlation between promotion and entrepreneurial intent becomes even stronger at higher levels of environmental hostility.
Abstract: Higgins (1997) suggests that strategic actions are influenced by an individual’s regulatory focus, which consists of two distinct strategic orientations: promotion focus and prevention focus. Using survey data from senior executives of 275 telecommunications firms, we find that entrepreneurial intent is positively correlated with both the promotion focus and the prevention focus of the firm and that the positive correlation between promotion focus and entrepreneurial intent becomes even stronger at higher levels of environmental hostility. In contrast, we find that the positive correlation between prevention focus and entrepreneurial intent weakens and eventually reverses at higher levels of environmental hostility.
10 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, a pre-launch planning and organizing strategy is proposed to reduce the uncertainty of the market and competition in the early stages of a new company's existence and survival.
Abstract: Newly launched ventures face an uncertain future. Careful planning and organizing in the pre-launch stage can reduce this uncertainty. However, as these ventures are launched, they have to manage the powerful and unpredictable forces of the market and competition. They have to learn to maneuver and fly their way into existence and survival. They need also to be clever in selecting their markets, assembling their resources, defining their strategic thrusts and determining their competitive weapons. These ventures need to learn and conceive of new ways to compete. By crafting creative competitive, cooperative and political strategies, entrepreneurs give their ventures the power to survive, make a profit and grow.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on Indian software producers who have used their ethnic ties to enter foreign markets and find that bonding social capital, arising from friendship and kinship relationships, enhances SMEs' ability to adopt and implement higher and more costly modes of entry to international markets.
Abstract: Small business enterprises (SMEs) from emerging economies have become active participants in international markets. Seeking to capitalize on their unique skills and capabilities and achieve rapid growth and diversify the sources of their revenue streams, SMEs have used their social capital to penetrate foreign markets and acquire market share. In this study we focus on Indian software producers who have used their ethnic ties to enter foreign markets. Our analyses of 96 SMEs suggest that bonding social capital, arising from friendship and kinship relationships, enhances SMEs’ ability to adopt and implement higher and more costly modes of entry to international markets. Bridging social capital (between dissimilar groups) enables SMEs to gain a greater percentage of revenues from foreign markets.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze co-citation patterns or networks in 733 articles in 30 journals and identify 25 groups of cited literature in entrepreneurship, which reflect distinct themes in research; many groups are related.
Abstract: Entrepreneurship research is often perceived asdiverse, fragmented, in ferment, and noncumulative, which handicaps thedevelopment of the field as a respected discipline. This study attempts toaddress these concerns by mapping the structures of entrepreneurial researchand categorizing streams of entrepreneurship research. Bibliometric techniques are used to quantitatively analyze co-citationpatterns or networks in 733 articles in 30 journals. Twenty-five groups ofcited literature in entrepreneurship were identified, which reflect distinctthemes in research; many groups are related. Only the ten most-cited groups are described and graphed. These are: (1)entrepreneurial networks and resource accumulation; (2) corporateentrepreneurship and venturing; (3) conceptualizations of entrepreneurialprocesses; (4) value creation from corporate entrepreneurship; (5) alertness,opportunity creation, and creative destruction; (6) psychologicalcharacteristics of entrepreneurs; (7) qualitative research methods; (8)entrepreneurial firm survival and growth; (9) societal consequences ofentrepreneurship; and (10) born-global firms. Of these groups, 1 and 3 to 5 are the most central groups and groups 3 and 5are growing significantly, while groups 2, 4, and 6 are declining. Fourqualities of entrepreneurship research are revealed: (1) research remainshighly fragmented; (2) research findings appear to be noncumulative; (3)non-U.S. countries exhibit their own strong traditions; and (4) core researchareas widely cited within entrepreneurship are not cited by those outside thefield, suggesting entrepreneurship researchers are not communicating welloutside the field. (TNM)
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: This article used bibliometric techniques to find linkages within published entrepreneurship scholars and found that research in entrepreneurship contains multiple but disconnected research themes; dominant research themes reflecting the disciplinary training and lens of authors; very few papers get cited even in our disciplinary journals; and key research themes and foci are subject to considerable dynamism and change.
Abstract: Research in entrepreneurship has grown rapidly, encompassing multiple theoretical and methodological traditions. This special issue is devoted to understanding the scientific structure of entrepreneurship research. Articles included in this issue use bibliometric techniques to find linkages within published entrepreneurship scholars. These analyses compellingly show that: research in our field contains: multiple but disconnected research themes; dominant research themes reflecting the disciplinary training and lens of authors; very few papers get cited even in our disciplinary journals; and key research themes and foci are subject to considerable dynamism and change. The articles provide rich opportunities for insightful, influential and creative research in the field.
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the Twenty-sixth Annual Entrepreneurship Research Conference (ENCC) was held in New Orleans, USA, and the proceedings of the conference were presented.
Abstract: Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 2006 : proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Annual Entrepreneurship Research Conference