Renewable Resources Robert-Jan van Putten,†,‡ Jan C. van der Waal,† Ed de Jong,*,† Carolus B. Rasrendra,‡,⊥ Hero J. Heeres,*,‡ and Johannes G. de Vries* †Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands DSM Innovative Synthesis BV, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, the Netherlands Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources

Recent Advances in Polyoxometalate-Catalyzed Reactions

Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: a review.

The replacement of fossil resources that currently provide more than 90% of our energy needs and feedstocks of the chemical industry in combination with reduced emission of carbon dioxide is one of the most pressing challenges of mankind. Biomass as a globally available resource has been proposed as an alternative feedstock for production of basic building blocks, which could partially or even fully replace the currently utilized fossil-based ones in well-established chemical processes. The destruction of lignocellulosic feed followed by oxygen removal from its cellulose and hemicellulose content by catalytic processes results in the formation of initial platform chemicals (IPCs). However, their sustainable production strongly depends on the availability of resources, their efficient or even industrially viable conversion processes, and replenishment time of feedstocks. Herein, we overview recent advances and developments in catalytic transformations of the carbohydrate content of lignocellulosic biomass ...

Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates to Initial Platform Chemicals: Chemistry and Sustainability

A review of ionic liquids: Applications towards catalytic organic transformations

A solid heteropolyacid salt Ag3PW12O40 has been used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from fructose and glucose. The fructose was selectively dehydrated into HMF with the HMF yield as high as 77.7% and selectivity of 93.8% within 60 min at 120 °C. In addition, Ag3PW12O40 also exhibited catalytic activity for conversion of glucose into HMF. Moreover, the catalyst is tolerant to high concentration feedstock and can be recycled. The results illustrate that the Ag3PW12O40 is an excellent acid and environmentally benign solid catalyst for the production of HMF from fructose and glucose.

Conversion of fructose and glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by a solid heteropolyacid salt

Transesterification of waste cooking oil with high acid value and high water contents using heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 x 6H2O (PW12) as catalyst was investigated. The hexahydrate form of PW(12) was found to be the most promising catalyst which exhibited highest ester yield 87% for transesterification of waste cooking oil and ester yield 97% for esterification of long-chain palmitic acid, respectively. The PW12 acid catalyst shows higher activity under the optimized reaction conditions compared with conventional homogeneous catalyst sulfuric acid, and can easily be separated from the products by distillation of the excess methanol and can be reused more times. The most important feature of this catalyst is that the catalytic activity is not affected by the content of free fatty acids (FFAs) and the content of water in the waste cooking oil and the transesterification can occur at a lower temperature (65 degrees C), a lower methanol oil ratio (70:1) and be finished within a shorter time. The results illustrate that PW12 acid is an excellent water-tolerant and environmentally benign acid catalyst for production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil.

Biodiesel production from high acid value waste frying oil catalyzed by superacid heteropolyacid.

High selective production of 5-hydroymethylfurfural from fructose by a solid heteropolyacid catalyst

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity and stability for catalytic wet air oxidation of pollutant dyes at room condition, a new polyoxometalate Zn1.5PMo12O40 with nanotube structure was prepared using biological template. The structure and morphology were characterized using infrared (IR) spectra, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DR-UV–vis), elemental analyses, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). And the degradation of Safranin-T (ST), a hazardous textile dye, under air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure was studied as a model experiment to evaluate the catalytic activity of this polyoxomolybdate catalyst. The results show that the catalyst has an excellent catalytic activity in treatment of wastewater containing 10 mg/L ST, and 98% of color and 95% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be removed within 40 min. And the organic pollutant of ST was totally mineralized to simple inorganic species such as HCO3−, Cl− and NO3− during this time (total organic carbon (TOC) decreased 92%). The structure and morphology of the catalyst under different cycling runs show that the catalyst are stable under such operating conditions and the leaching tests show negligible leaching effect owning to the lesser dissolution. So this polyoxomolybdate nanotube is proved to be a heterogeneous catalyst in catalytic wet air oxidation of organic dye.

Shengtian Wang

Papers

Conversion of fructose and glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by a solid heteropolyacid salt

Biodiesel production from high acid value waste frying oil catalyzed by superacid heteropolyacid.

High selective production of 5-hydroymethylfurfural from fructose by a solid heteropolyacid catalyst

Catalytic wet air oxidation of dye pollutants by polyoxomolybdate nanotubes under room condition

Single step conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid using temperature-responsive dodeca-aluminotungstic acid catalysts