Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd the perception of the visual world to read.

The Perception of the Visual World. By James J. Gibson. U.S.A.: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950 (George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London). Price 35s.

The dynamics and stability of thin liquid films have fascinated scientists over many decades: the observations of regular wave patterns in film flows down a windowpane or along guttering, the patterning of dewetting droplets, and the fingering of viscous flows down a slope are all examples that are familiar in daily life. Thin film flows occur over a wide range of length scales and are central to numerous areas of engineering, geophysics, and biophysics; these include nanofluidics and microfluidics, coating flows, intensive processing, lava flows, dynamics of continental ice sheets, tear-film rupture, and surfactant replacement therapy. These flows have attracted considerable attention in the literature, which have resulted in many significant developments in experimental, analytical, and numerical research in this area. These include advances in understanding dewetting, thermocapillary- and surfactant-driven films, falling films and films flowing over structured, compliant, and rapidly rotating substrates, and evaporating films as well as those manipulated via use of electric fields to produce nanoscale patterns. These developments are reviewed in this paper and open problems and exciting research avenues in this thriving area of fluid mechanics are also highlighted.

Dynamics and stability of thin liquid films

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/31047/01444179.pdf

Fundamentals of acoustics

The yield of alkenols and cycloalkenols is substantially improved by carrying out the reaction of olefins with formaldehyde in the presence of selected catalysts. In accordance with one embodiment, alk-3-en-1-ols are produced in good yields from isobutylene and formaldehyde in the presence of organic carboxylic acid salts of Group IB metals.

The Organization of the Cochlear Receptor

The Study of Instinct

The Mechanosensory Lateral Line: Neurobiology and Evolution

The lateral line system is the only sensory system unique to aquatic vertebrates, being restricted to fish and some aquatic amphibians. It contains at least two, and probably three, different receptor classes: ciliated mechanoreceptors, electroreceptors, and a largely unknown group of receptors called the vesicles of Savi, found only in certain elasmobranch fishes (Garman 1888; Coggi 1891; Norris 1932). While all these organs are innervated by branches of the lateral line nerve and may have common embryological origins (Coggi 1891; Norris 1932; Northcutt 1985), it is quite clear that ciliated mechanoreceptors and electroreceptors respond to different stimuli and that their CNS projections are segregated at least at the level of the brain stem (McCormick 1983; Northcutt 1985). Thus, the concept of a single lateral line system has given way to one of at least two different sensory systems, with emerging evidence of anatomical functional variability within each of these.

Diversity of Lateral Line Systems: Evolutionary and Functional Considerations

The Mechanosensory Lateral Line

All fish have a mechanosensory lateral line system comprising hair cell receptors which respond to relative motion between the body of the fish and the water around it. In some respects the system is akin to a sense of touch. In the lateral line, however, the presence of surrounding objects is not determined by direct contact, but is mediated by the water disturbances these objects create, a situation which Dijkgraff (1962) described as touch at a distance. In a dense fluid environment, such as water, disturbances are created by anything that moves. Our first task in understanding lateral lines is to look at the sorts of disturbances which may be of importance to fishes and to get a feel for the physics of how they are created and how they propagate in the aquatic environment. From this starting point it would be nice to then explore the diversity of fish lateral line organs to show how sensory structures and central processing have been shaped by evolution to exploit the physical properties of water disturbances to extract biologically significant information. However, this ideal as yet remains a distant goal: progress is limited by the difficulties in working with hydrodynamic stimuli, lateral-linemediated behaviour, and to some extent by the sheer diversity of fish species, their behaviour and ecology. Generalized sensory capabilities such as touch and lateral line serve a multiplicity of purposes and accordingly there will be many 'functional roles' of the lateral line within

Biology of the mechanosensory lateral line in fishes

Nearly all underwater vehicles and surface ships today use sonar and vision for imaging and navigation. However, sonar and vision systems face various limitations, e.g., sonar blind zones, dark or murky environments, etc. Evolved over millions of years, fish use the lateral line, a distributed linear array of flow sensing organs, for underwater hydrodynamic imaging and information extraction. We demonstrate here a proof-of-concept artificial lateral line system. It enables a distant touch hydrodynamic imaging capability to critically augment sonar and vision systems. We show that the artificial lateral line can successfully perform dipole source localization and hydrodynamic wake detection. The development of the artificial lateral line is aimed at fundamentally enhancing human ability to detect, navigate, and survive in the underwater environment.

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/103/50/18891.full.pdf

Sheryl Coombs

Papers

The Mechanosensory Lateral Line: Neurobiology and Evolution

Diversity of Lateral Line Systems: Evolutionary and Functional Considerations

The Mechanosensory Lateral Line

Biology of the mechanosensory lateral line in fishes

Distant touch hydrodynamic imaging with an artificial lateral line