/pdf/a-break-in-the-clouds-towards-a-cloud-definition-svovsw1r5a.pdf

A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition

Multilisp is a version of the Lisp dialect Scheme extended with constructs for parallel execution. Like Scheme, Multilisp is oriented toward symbolic computation. Unlike some parallel programming languages, Multilisp incorporates constructs for causing side effects and for explicitly introducing parallelism. The potential complexity of dealing with side effects in a parallel context is mitigated by the nature of the parallelism constructs and by support for abstract data types: a recommended Multilisp programming style is presented which, if followed, should lead to highly parallel, easily understandable programs.Multilisp is being implemented on the 32-processor Concert multiprocessor; however, it is ultimately intended for use on larger multiprocessors. The current implementation, called Concert Multilisp, is complete enough to run the Multilisp compiler itself and has been run on Concert prototypes including up to eight processors. Concert Multilisp uses novel techniques for task scheduling and garbage collection. The task scheduler helps control excessive resource utilization by means of an unfair scheduling policy; the garbage collector uses a multiprocessor algorithm based on the incremental garbage collector of Baker.

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MULTILISP: a language for concurrent symbolic computation

When distributed systems first appeared, they were programmed in traditional sequential languages, usually with the addition of a few library procedures for sending and receiving messages. As distributed applications became more commonplace and more sophisticated, this ad hoc approach became less satisfactory. Researchers all over the world began designing new programming languages specifically for implementing distributed applications. These languages and their history, their underlying principles, their design, and their use are the subject of this paper.We begin by giving our view of what a distributed system is, illustrating with examples to avoid confusion on this important and controversial point. We then describe the three main characteristics that distinguish distributed programming languages from traditional sequential languages, namely, how they deal with parallelism, communication, and partial failures. Finally, we discuss 15 representative distributed languages to give the flavor of each. These examples include languages based on message passing, rendezvous, remote procedure call, objects, and atomic transactions, as well as functional languages, logic languages, and distributed data structure languages. The paper concludes with a comprehensive bibliography listing over 200 papers on nearly 100 distributed programming languages.

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Programming languages for distributed computing systems

A document localization, management and delivery system in a computer environment. A preferred embodiment of the invention automatically determines the language and country of a Web site visitor and directs the Web server to deliver the appropriate localized content contained in a country/language database to the visitor's browser. The visitor's browser is notified of the proper font and content encoding needed to display the selected language and is allowed to download the font. A toolkit is provided which allows a master site to be built that is language and country-independent. The actual language and country content is placed in a language/country database where it is easily managed and maintained. When a visitor enters the site, the requested document is automatically served in the visitor's language and for the visitor's country by filling in a document template from the master site with the correct language content from the language/country database. A viewer allows the developer to view and debug the document template as it appears to a visitor in any of the available language content from the language/country database.

Multilingual electronic document translation, management, and delivery system

THE distinguished author of “Why the Mind has a Body” is one of the most original and fearless philosophers of the school which labels itself “Critical Realism.” The present short volume, though it is written with all the freshness and vigour we associate with his work, is frankly disappointing. This is because, instead of stating his theory and advancing his argument from his own point of view, he develops it by means of a rather tedious criticism of Mr. Bradley, Mr. Russell, M. Bergson, and other philosophers. His own theory rests, he tells us, on two assumptions: first, that there is a world; second, that there is a self. Nature, he is convinced, is really what it appears to be, and the self is an outgrowth of nature, though in some of its manifestations rising above it. It seems to us that the primary difficulty of such assumptions is that they conflict with physical science and are irreconcilable with the scientific concepts of nature and self. In philosophy, assumptions in the premises have a curious knack of turning up in the conclusion so that no real progress can be made, but they are otherwise harmless enough. Scientific reality is a question of real metaphysical interest at the present time, but it finds no place in this theory, which is mainly concerned with the question of sense-data.A Theory of Knowledge.Charles AugustusStrongBy. Pp. xii+103. (London, Bombay and Sydney: Constable and Co., Ltd., 1923.) 6s. net.

Theory of Knowledge

Multiple studies have illustrated that the needs of various users seeking descriptive bibliographic data for pop culture resources (e.g. manga, anime, video games) have not been properly met by cultural heritage institutions and traditional models. With a focus on manga as the central resource, the purpose of this paper is to address these issues to better meet user needs.,Based on an analysis of existing bibliographic metadata, this paper proposes a unique bibliographic hierarchy for manga that is also extendable to other pop culture sources. To better meet user requirements of descriptive data, an aggregation-based approach relying on the Object Reuse and Exchange-Open Archives Initiative (OAI-ORE) model utilized existing, fan-created data on the web.,The proposed hierarchy is better able to portray multiple entities of manga as they exist across data providers compared to existing models, while the utilization of OAI-ORE-based aggregation to build and provide bibliographic metadata for said hierarchy resulted in levels of description that more adequately meet user demands.,Though studies have proposed alternative models for resources like games or comics, manga has remained unexamined. As manga is a major component of many popular multimedia franchises, a focus here with the intention while building the model to support other resource types provides a foundation for future work seeking to incorporate these resources.

Building a bibliographic hierarchy for manga through the aggregation of institutional and hobbyist descriptions

Bibliotheque nationale de France(フランス国立図書館)では,主要なプロジェクトの一つとして,冊子体の書籍,画像資料,ならびにオーディオ·ビジュアル資料の電子的コレクションの形成とアクセスのための資料ディジタル化計画を進めている。1990年に始まった資料ディジタル化計画は,科学諸分野,およびフランス文学と歴史分野の資料の広範なコレクションを形成することを基本としている。これまでの予備的な研究から,図書館においては図書の蓄積に際してページイメージを用いることが最も経済的に効率よいことがわかっている。新図書館における新しい統合化された情報システムによるディジタルコレクションへのアクセス開始は1997年に予定している。

The digitizing program of the French National Library

Many different institutions create bibliographic data for manga, a style of Japanese comic. These institutions typically describe the same resources, but in ways that differ depending on their institution type. The sharing of this data would result in a more complete bibliographic data landscape for manga; the majority of this data, however, exists in isolation from other institutions. In seeking to combine this data, this paper presents a Linked Data model for the aggregation of bibliographic data for manga. The Europeana Data Model was used as the basis for the aggregation functions, while the Dublin Core and BIBFRAME vocabularies were used for bibliographic description. Data from Monash University's JSC Manga Library, the Media Arts Database from the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs, and Web resources was collected, and records suitable for aggregation were identified. The result is a conceptual model that enables the aggregation of bibliographic data for manga, creating a more complete bibliographic data landscape for manga.

A Linked Data Model to Aggregate Serialized Manga from Multiple Data Providers

The DCMI metadata schema registry has been developed as an authoritative source of DCMI metadata terms. The DCMI registry has an important role to enhance semantic interoperability of the metadata terms. From our experiences in the development of the DCMI registry, we have learned that the registry has large potential to serve as a center of various service functions related to metadata schemas such as metadata editors and search tools. This paper presents a framework of metadata schemas and discusses its application to schema registries for extending the registry functions. The metadata schema framework presented has a layered structure in order to explicitly separate semantic and syntactic features of metadata schemas. This paper presents a few functional extensions of the registry and discusses the extension based on the proposed schema framework.

A framework of metadata schema for functional extension of metadata schema registry

In this paper we consider the suitability of the Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model for an inclusive information environment. The AccessForAll approach to digital information asserts that every user has an equal right to information resources. The FRBR study identified bibliographic records users and, for them, determined a minimum set of entities, and their attributes and relationships, to determine a model of a record or resources that was necessary to satisfy what were, at the time, determined to be recommended user requirements. Our examination of the FRBR model shows that, in fact, more attributes are probably necessary for an inclusive environment.

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Shigeo Sugimoto

Papers

Building a bibliographic hierarchy for manga through the aggregation of institutional and hobbyist descriptions

The digitizing program of the French National Library

A Linked Data Model to Aggregate Serialized Manga from Multiple Data Providers

A framework of metadata schema for functional extension of metadata schema registry

Using FRBR for the selection and adaptation of accessible resources