/pdf/a-break-in-the-clouds-towards-a-cloud-definition-svovsw1r5a.pdf

A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition

Multilisp is a version of the Lisp dialect Scheme extended with constructs for parallel execution. Like Scheme, Multilisp is oriented toward symbolic computation. Unlike some parallel programming languages, Multilisp incorporates constructs for causing side effects and for explicitly introducing parallelism. The potential complexity of dealing with side effects in a parallel context is mitigated by the nature of the parallelism constructs and by support for abstract data types: a recommended Multilisp programming style is presented which, if followed, should lead to highly parallel, easily understandable programs.Multilisp is being implemented on the 32-processor Concert multiprocessor; however, it is ultimately intended for use on larger multiprocessors. The current implementation, called Concert Multilisp, is complete enough to run the Multilisp compiler itself and has been run on Concert prototypes including up to eight processors. Concert Multilisp uses novel techniques for task scheduling and garbage collection. The task scheduler helps control excessive resource utilization by means of an unfair scheduling policy; the garbage collector uses a multiprocessor algorithm based on the incremental garbage collector of Baker.

/pdf/multilisp-a-language-for-concurrent-symbolic-computation-2je5ymy3rh.pdf

MULTILISP: a language for concurrent symbolic computation

When distributed systems first appeared, they were programmed in traditional sequential languages, usually with the addition of a few library procedures for sending and receiving messages. As distributed applications became more commonplace and more sophisticated, this ad hoc approach became less satisfactory. Researchers all over the world began designing new programming languages specifically for implementing distributed applications. These languages and their history, their underlying principles, their design, and their use are the subject of this paper.We begin by giving our view of what a distributed system is, illustrating with examples to avoid confusion on this important and controversial point. We then describe the three main characteristics that distinguish distributed programming languages from traditional sequential languages, namely, how they deal with parallelism, communication, and partial failures. Finally, we discuss 15 representative distributed languages to give the flavor of each. These examples include languages based on message passing, rendezvous, remote procedure call, objects, and atomic transactions, as well as functional languages, logic languages, and distributed data structure languages. The paper concludes with a comprehensive bibliography listing over 200 papers on nearly 100 distributed programming languages.

/pdf/programming-languages-for-distributed-computing-systems-swl2r5wnf8.pdf

Programming languages for distributed computing systems

A document localization, management and delivery system in a computer environment. A preferred embodiment of the invention automatically determines the language and country of a Web site visitor and directs the Web server to deliver the appropriate localized content contained in a country/language database to the visitor's browser. The visitor's browser is notified of the proper font and content encoding needed to display the selected language and is allowed to download the font. A toolkit is provided which allows a master site to be built that is language and country-independent. The actual language and country content is placed in a language/country database where it is easily managed and maintained. When a visitor enters the site, the requested document is automatically served in the visitor's language and for the visitor's country by filling in a document template from the master site with the correct language content from the language/country database. A viewer allows the developer to view and debug the document template as it appears to a visitor in any of the available language content from the language/country database.

Multilingual electronic document translation, management, and delivery system

THE distinguished author of “Why the Mind has a Body” is one of the most original and fearless philosophers of the school which labels itself “Critical Realism.” The present short volume, though it is written with all the freshness and vigour we associate with his work, is frankly disappointing. This is because, instead of stating his theory and advancing his argument from his own point of view, he develops it by means of a rather tedious criticism of Mr. Bradley, Mr. Russell, M. Bergson, and other philosophers. His own theory rests, he tells us, on two assumptions: first, that there is a world; second, that there is a self. Nature, he is convinced, is really what it appears to be, and the self is an outgrowth of nature, though in some of its manifestations rising above it. It seems to us that the primary difficulty of such assumptions is that they conflict with physical science and are irreconcilable with the scientific concepts of nature and self. In philosophy, assumptions in the premises have a curious knack of turning up in the conclusion so that no real progress can be made, but they are otherwise harmless enough. Scientific reality is a question of real metaphysical interest at the present time, but it finds no place in this theory, which is mainly concerned with the question of sense-data.A Theory of Knowledge.Charles AugustusStrongBy. Pp. xii+103. (London, Bombay and Sydney: Constable and Co., Ltd., 1923.) 6s. net.

Theory of Knowledge

Agriculture plays an important role in both poverty reduction and economic growth. The technology of agriculture in the developing world should change continuously to keep pace with rising populations and rapidly changing social, economic, and environmental conditions. The role of agricultural extension services to disseminate appropriate information to farmers in Indonesia is very important. In this country, the agricultural extension service to disseminate useful information to farmers on one hand has not been effective due to weak linkages between government and extension workers. On the other hand, not all of the existing information collections at the central agricultural libraries are accessible to all potential users. Based on this understanding of the current circumstances, this research was conducted to identify the barriers issue between the Indonesian government and the extension workers based on a literature review and a survey by questionnaires and interviews. The study revealed that a total of 47% of the respondents said that although secondary information resources were accessible, this was not the case for primary information. Concerning the issue related to information content, extension workers need a portal where they can access the primary information well and information centers should provide access for extension workers to the online catalog database. The cross-institutional interoperability of databases and repositories are crucial issues in providing agricultural information portal.

http://ijens.org/Vol%2011%20I%2002/117302-4747%20IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

The Barriers of the Indonesian Extension Workers in Disseminate Agricultural Information to Farmers

Welcome to JCDL 2007! It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 7th annual meeting of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL). JCDL is one of the primary international forums for the presentation and discussion of research, practice and social issues related to digital libraries. The conference theme this year is "Building and Sustaining the Digital Environment" and the program reflects these themes as well as the broader context of digital libraries and the boundary spanning research that supports their design, development and operation.

This year we had a record number of submissions for the conference with 279 total submissions from digital library researchers in 31 countries. From 119 Full papers submissions and 68 short paper submissions the program committee selected 43 Full papers and 28 Short papers for presentation at the conference. In addition, 30 posters and 14 demonstrations were selected for presentation at the special poster and demo evening session. As in previous years we will be awarding the Vannevar Bush Best Paper Award (sponsored by ACM). In addition to the main meeting, a full schedule of tutorials and workshops has been arranged bracketing the main meeting. This year we also host the largest Doctoral Consortium yet held at JCDL, where student researchers in digital library topics work with an international panel of faculty mentors on exploring and refining their thesis research.

Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries

The long‐term preservation of digital resources is one of the most important issues facing the library community. In particular, libraries need a preservation strategy for digital objects, since digitization alone provides access but not preservation. The digital library community is also focusing on the problem of designing and implementing long‐term archives or repositories. Digital repository management includes the development and enforcement of policies for tasks such as managing access to collection contents and preserving items in the collection. Comprehensive standards and best practices are currently starting to emerge, and ongoing work has deepened the understanding of the needs and requirements that must be met to carry out effective digital preservation. One of these requirements is the creation and maintenance of metadata in support of the preservation process. This paper would like to share findings from earlier and ongoing work that serve as “groundwork” for the current directions leading to the idea of making metadata a more useful and powerful tool to contribute to the technical solution of digital preservation.

Linking preservation metadata and collection management policies

The Internet has a lot of rich information resources available in different languages aside from English, the major language of use Those resources are, however, not easy to access because of language barriers This paper proposes a collaborative model to develop a multilingual subject gateway, which is called the Internet Public Library Asia (IPL-Asia) It describes how IPL-Asia was conceived and developed, and some lessons learned from the experience

IPL-Asia is a subject gateway which collects high quality Internet resources expressed in Chinese, Japanese, Korean languages, and provides information about those resources in those three languages and English This paper shows the metadata schema and an implementation of IPL-Asia The schema is defined based on Dublin Core and IEEE LOM with some extensions for multilingual description Criteria for selecting quality resources on the Internet were also defined A metadata record is collaboratively described in multiple languages by catalogers whose mother languages are different A metadata record is encoded in XML Metadata records are stored and displayed using XML technologies, eg, XSLT and XML database This system provides user interfaces in multiple languages

http://dcpapers.dublincore.org/pubs/article/download/734/730

A subject gateway in multiple languages: a prototype development and lessons learned

In this paper, we define some of the characteristics of archiving in a cloud computing environment. Based on these, we describe a model for a cloud archiving system using concepts and information types from the OAIS reference model. The proposed model allows the sharing of functionality and information objects by making these available as services to above layers. The model covers the entire document lifecycle, making archive functionality such as preservation planning possible at an early stage in the document lifecycle, helping to simplify records transfer. Finally, we use our model in a case study, using the records transfer process from Japanese government agencies to the National Archives of Japan as an example.

Shigeo Sugimoto

Papers

The Barriers of the Indonesian Extension Workers in Disseminate Agricultural Information to Farmers

Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries

Linking preservation metadata and collection management policies

A subject gateway in multiple languages: a prototype development and lessons learned

Archiving as a service: a model for the provision of shared archiving services using cloud computing