/pdf/a-break-in-the-clouds-towards-a-cloud-definition-svovsw1r5a.pdf

A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition

Multilisp is a version of the Lisp dialect Scheme extended with constructs for parallel execution. Like Scheme, Multilisp is oriented toward symbolic computation. Unlike some parallel programming languages, Multilisp incorporates constructs for causing side effects and for explicitly introducing parallelism. The potential complexity of dealing with side effects in a parallel context is mitigated by the nature of the parallelism constructs and by support for abstract data types: a recommended Multilisp programming style is presented which, if followed, should lead to highly parallel, easily understandable programs.Multilisp is being implemented on the 32-processor Concert multiprocessor; however, it is ultimately intended for use on larger multiprocessors. The current implementation, called Concert Multilisp, is complete enough to run the Multilisp compiler itself and has been run on Concert prototypes including up to eight processors. Concert Multilisp uses novel techniques for task scheduling and garbage collection. The task scheduler helps control excessive resource utilization by means of an unfair scheduling policy; the garbage collector uses a multiprocessor algorithm based on the incremental garbage collector of Baker.

/pdf/multilisp-a-language-for-concurrent-symbolic-computation-2je5ymy3rh.pdf

MULTILISP: a language for concurrent symbolic computation

When distributed systems first appeared, they were programmed in traditional sequential languages, usually with the addition of a few library procedures for sending and receiving messages. As distributed applications became more commonplace and more sophisticated, this ad hoc approach became less satisfactory. Researchers all over the world began designing new programming languages specifically for implementing distributed applications. These languages and their history, their underlying principles, their design, and their use are the subject of this paper.We begin by giving our view of what a distributed system is, illustrating with examples to avoid confusion on this important and controversial point. We then describe the three main characteristics that distinguish distributed programming languages from traditional sequential languages, namely, how they deal with parallelism, communication, and partial failures. Finally, we discuss 15 representative distributed languages to give the flavor of each. These examples include languages based on message passing, rendezvous, remote procedure call, objects, and atomic transactions, as well as functional languages, logic languages, and distributed data structure languages. The paper concludes with a comprehensive bibliography listing over 200 papers on nearly 100 distributed programming languages.

/pdf/programming-languages-for-distributed-computing-systems-swl2r5wnf8.pdf

Programming languages for distributed computing systems

A document localization, management and delivery system in a computer environment. A preferred embodiment of the invention automatically determines the language and country of a Web site visitor and directs the Web server to deliver the appropriate localized content contained in a country/language database to the visitor's browser. The visitor's browser is notified of the proper font and content encoding needed to display the selected language and is allowed to download the font. A toolkit is provided which allows a master site to be built that is language and country-independent. The actual language and country content is placed in a language/country database where it is easily managed and maintained. When a visitor enters the site, the requested document is automatically served in the visitor's language and for the visitor's country by filling in a document template from the master site with the correct language content from the language/country database. A viewer allows the developer to view and debug the document template as it appears to a visitor in any of the available language content from the language/country database.

Multilingual electronic document translation, management, and delivery system

THE distinguished author of “Why the Mind has a Body” is one of the most original and fearless philosophers of the school which labels itself “Critical Realism.” The present short volume, though it is written with all the freshness and vigour we associate with his work, is frankly disappointing. This is because, instead of stating his theory and advancing his argument from his own point of view, he develops it by means of a rather tedious criticism of Mr. Bradley, Mr. Russell, M. Bergson, and other philosophers. His own theory rests, he tells us, on two assumptions: first, that there is a world; second, that there is a self. Nature, he is convinced, is really what it appears to be, and the self is an outgrowth of nature, though in some of its manifestations rising above it. It seems to us that the primary difficulty of such assumptions is that they conflict with physical science and are irreconcilable with the scientific concepts of nature and self. In philosophy, assumptions in the premises have a curious knack of turning up in the conclusion so that no real progress can be made, but they are otherwise harmless enough. Scientific reality is a question of real metaphysical interest at the present time, but it finds no place in this theory, which is mainly concerned with the question of sense-data.A Theory of Knowledge.Charles AugustusStrongBy. Pp. xii+103. (London, Bombay and Sydney: Constable and Co., Ltd., 1923.) 6s. net.

Theory of Knowledge

In Japan, manga, anime and video game (MAG) are viewed as popular culture. Many MAG works are published across media, i.e. shared characters, story, universe, etc. Entities and relationships describing multimedia franchise are helpful for general audiences to search MAG items. However, multimedia franchises are established by the cognition of audiences, it has been difficult for memory institutions to create authorized datasets of MAG multimedia franchise. In this paper, we propose a method to link institutional data and multimedia franchise entities from Wikipedia. Articles about MAG works in Wikipedia are created and edited by audiences. Many MAG articles are organized based on the structure of multimedia franchise. The proposed method is to identify of multimedia franchise entities automatically from patterns of relationships between these articles. This paper shows the result of the extraction and linking them to the bibliographic records of Media Arts Database (MADB) produced by the culture ministries of Japan.

Identifying and Linking Entities of Multimedia Franchise on Manga, Anime and Video Game from Wikipedia

Gradation: A pay-as-you-go style hybrid query language for structured and text data

Recently, data exchange between different information sources has increased its importance, and many tools to help data exchange have been proposed. However, there has been no established method to evaluate the effectiveness of such tools. If you would like to evaluate the query execution performance of an RDBMS, we have various benchmarks, such as TPC-C, for that purpose. Similarly, it would be convenient if we had benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of data exchange tools. Development of such benchmarks is not trivial, because the factors to affect the effectiveness are completely different from those to affect the DBMS performance. Therefore, we cannot develop benchmarks using the same framework for the DBMS performance. This paper proposes a novel framework to develop benchmarks to evaluate the effectiveness of tools to help data exchange.

An approach to the benchmark development for data exchange tools

Subject classification schemes and vocabularies for subject indexing, i.e. subject vocabularies, have a crucial role in the development of subject gateways. From our experiences on a few subject gateway projects which are designed for regional and domainspecific communities, we learned that the subject gateways require a subject vocabulary which is reasonably small and tailored in accordance with the resources in the domain and the audience. The goal of this paper is to discuss underlying issues for the small "core" subject vocabularies defined as a subject description/classification scheme for community oriented resources. First, this paper describes some basic aspects for metadata schema and requirements for the region/domain-specific subject gateways. Second, we show three subject gateway projects which are resources designed primarily for libraries and public library users. And then, we show a few examples of small vocabularies designed for regional resources. This paper compares some vocabularies designed for regional resources and discusses issues for the core subject vocabularies. Costs to develop and maintain the vocabularies can not be neglected even if they are small. We consider the Semantic Web technologies will help develop software tools to support development and maintenance of the subject vocabularies and to enhance their interoperability and reusability.

/pdf/toward-core-subject-vocabularies-for-community-oriented-10qxj9839o.pdf

Toward core subject vocabularies for community-oriented subject gateways

Metadata Application Profiles are the elementary blueprints of any Metadata Instance. Efforts like the Singapore Framework for Dublin Core Application Profiles define the framework for designing metadata application profiles to ensure interoperability and reusability. However, the number of publicly accessible, especially machine actionable application profiles are significantly lower. Domain experts find it difficult to create application profiles, considering the technical aspects, costs and disproportionate incentives. Lack of easy-to-use tools for Metadata Application Profile creation is also a reason for lack of larger reach. This paper proposes Yet Another Metadata Application Profile (YAMA) as a user-friendly interoperable preprocessor for creating, maintaining and publishing Metadata Application Profiles. YAMA helps to produce various formats and standards to express the Metadata Application Profiles, changelogs, and different versions, with an expectation of simplifying Metadata Application Profile creation process for domain experts. YAMA includes an integrated syntax for recording application profiles as well as changes between different versions. A proof of concept toolkit, demonstrating the capabilities of YAMA is also being developed. YAMA boasts a human readable yet machine actionable syntax and format, which is seamlessly adaptable to modern version control workflows and expandable for any specific requirements.

/pdf/yet-another-metadata-application-profile-yama-authoring-3k1n2p3k7l.pdf

Shigeo Sugimoto

Papers

Identifying and Linking Entities of Multimedia Franchise on Manga, Anime and Video Game from Wikipedia

Gradation: A pay-as-you-go style hybrid query language for structured and text data

An approach to the benchmark development for data exchange tools

Toward core subject vocabularies for community-oriented subject gateways

Yet Another Metadata Application Profile (YAMA): Authoring, Versioning and Publishing of Application Profiles