The vision of next generation 5G wireless communications lies in providing very high data rates (typically of Gbps order), extremely low latency, manifold increase in base station capacity, and significant improvement in users’ perceived quality of service (QoS), compared to current 4G LTE networks. Ever increasing proliferation of smart devices, introduction of new emerging multimedia applications, together with an exponential rise in wireless data (multimedia) demand and usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to be the panacea of most of the current cellular networks’ problems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks. We first discuss the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN. Subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying novel mm-wave physical layer technologies, encompassing new channel model estimation, directional antenna design, beamforming algorithms, and massive MIMO technologies. Next, the details of MAC layer protocols and multiplexing schemes needed to efficiently support this new physical layer are discussed. We also look into the killer applications, considered as the major driving force behind 5G. In order to understand the improved user experience, we provide highlights of new QoS, QoE, and SON features associated with the 5G evolution. For alleviating the increased network energy consumption and operating expenditure, we make a detail review on energy awareness and cost efficiency. As understanding the current status of 5G implementation is important for its eventual commercialization, we also discuss relevant field trials, drive tests, and simulation experiments. Finally, we point out major existing research issues and identify possible future research directions.

Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

https://www.cs.montana.edu/courses/csci566/Ref/WMSN-Survey.pdf

A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks

This article focuses on the compressed representations of pictures. The representation does not affect how many bits get from the Web server to the laptop, but it determines the usefulness of the bits that arrive. Many different representations are possible, and there is more involved in their choice than merely selecting a compression ratio. The techniques presented represent a single information source with several chunks of data ("descriptions") so that the source can be approximated from any subset of the chunks. By allowing image reconstruction to continue even after a packet is lost, this type of representation can prevent a Web browser from becoming dormant.

/pdf/multiple-description-coding-compression-meets-the-network-8n6rpegvwp.pdf

Multiple description coding: compression meets the network

This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

Due to the broadcast nature of wireless signals, a wireless transmission intended for a particular destination station can be overheard by other neighboring stations. A focus of recent research activities in cooperative communications is to achieve spatial diversity gains by requiring these neighboring stations to retransmit the overheard information to the final destination. In this paper we demonstrate that such cooperation among stations in a wireless LAN (WLAN) can achieve both higher throughput and lower interference. We present the design for a medium access control protocol called CoopMAC, in which high data rate stations assist low data rate stations in their transmission by forwarding their traffic. In our proposed protocol, using the overheard transmissions, each low data rate node maintains a table, called a CoopTable, of potential helper nodes that can assist in its transmissions. During transmission, each low data rate node selects either direct transmission or transmission through a helper node in order to minimize the total transmission time. Using analysis, simulation and testbed experimentation, we quantify the increase in the total network throughput, and the reduction in delay, if such cooperative transmissions are utilized. The CoopMAC protocol is simple and backward compatible with the legacy 802.11 system. In this paper, we also demonstrate a reduction in the signal-to-interference ratio in a dense deployment of 802.11 access points, which in some cases is a more important consequence of cooperation

/pdf/coopmac-a-cooperative-mac-for-wireless-lans-2e1c6nk3lj.pdf

CoopMAC: A Cooperative MAC for Wireless LANs

This article outlines one way to address these problems by using the notion of cooperation between wireless nodes. In cooperative communications, multiple nodes in a wireless network work together to form a virtual antenna array. Using cooperation, it is possible to exploit the spatial diversity of the traditional MIMO techniques without each node necessarily having multiple antennas. Multihop networks use some form of cooperation by enabling intermediate nodes to forward the message from source to destination. However, cooperative communication techniques described in this article are fundamentally different in that the relaying nodes can forward the information fully or in part. Also the destination receives multiple versions of the message from the source, and one or more relays and combines these to obtain a more reliable estimate of the transmitted signal as well as higher data rates. The main advantages of cooperative communications are presented

Cooperative wireless communications: a cross-layer approach

Enabling video transport over ad hoc networks is more challenging than over other wireless networks. The wireless links in an ad hoc network are highly error prone and can go down frequently because of node mobility, interference, channel fading, and the lack of infrastructure. However, the mesh topology of ad hoc networks implies that it is possible to establish multiple paths between a source and a destination. Indeed, multipath transport provides an extra degree of freedom in designing error resilient video coding and transport schemes. In this paper, we propose to combine multistream coding with multipath transport, to show that, in addition to traditional error control techniques, path diversity provides an effective means to combat transmission error in ad hoc networks. The schemes that we have examined are: 1) feedback based reference picture selection; 2) layered coding with selective automatic repeat request; and 3) multiple description motion compensation coding. All these techniques are based on the motion compensated prediction technique found in modern video coding standards. We studied the performance of these three schemes via extensive simulations using both Markov channel models and OPNET Modeler. To further validate the viability and performance advantages of these schemes, we implemented an ad hoc multiple path video streaming testbed using notebook computers and IEEE 802.11b cards. The results show that great improvement in video quality can be achieved over the standard schemes with limited additional cost. Each of these three video coding/transport techniques is best suited for a particular environment, depending on the availability of a feedback channel, the end-to-end delay constraint, and the error characteristics of the paths.

/pdf/video-transport-over-ad-hoc-networks-multistream-coding-with-2e0dfac3wd.pdf

Video transport over ad hoc networks: multistream coding with multipath transport

A model of a packet radio network in which transmitters with range R are distributed according to a two-dimensional Poisson point process with density D is examined To ensure network connectivity, it is shown that pi R/sup 2/D, the expected number of nearest neighbors of a transmitter, must grow logarithmically with the area of the network For an infinite area there exists an infinite connected component with nonzero probability if pi R/sup 2/D>N/sub 0/, for some critical value N/sub 0/ It is shown that 2195 >

Connectivity properties of a packet radio network model

Recent advances in antenna and RF circuit design have greatly reduced the crosstalk between the transmitter and receiver circuits on a wireless device, which enable radios to transmit and receive on the same frequency at the same time. Such a full duplex radio has the potential to double the spectral efficiency of a point-to-point radio link. However, the application of such a radio in current cellular systems (3GPP LTE) has not been comprehensively analyzed. This article addresses the fundamental challenges in incorporating full duplex radios in a cellular network to unlock the full potential of full duplex communications. We observe that without carefully planning, full duplex transmission might cause much higher interference in both uplink and downlink, which greatly limits the potential gains. Another challenge is that standard scheduling methods which attempt to achieve the maximum capacity gain lead to a severe loss in energy efficiency. In this article, we identify new tradeoffs in designing full duplex enabled radio networks, and discuss favorable conditions to operate in full duplex mode. New scheduling algorithms and advanced interference cancellation techniques are discussed, which are essential to maximize the capacity gain and energy efficiency. Under this new design, most of the gain is achievable with full duplex enabled base stations, while user equipment still operates in half duplex mode.

Shivendra S. Panwar

Papers

CoopMAC: A Cooperative MAC for Wireless LANs

Cooperative wireless communications: a cross-layer approach

Video transport over ad hoc networks: multistream coding with multipath transport

Connectivity properties of a packet radio network model

Full duplex cellular systems: will doubling interference prevent doubling capacity?