A decade after the first report, the family of two-dimensional (2D) carbides and nitrides (MXenes) includes structures with three, five, seven, or nine layers of atoms in an ordered or solid solution form. Dozens of MXene compositions have been produced, resulting in MXenes with mixed surface terminations. MXenes have shown useful and tunable electronic, optical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties, leading to applications ranging from optoelectronics, electromagnetic interference shielding, and wireless antennas to energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and medicine. Here we present a forward-looking review of the field of MXenes. We discuss the challenges to be addressed and outline research directions that will deepen the fundamental understanding of the properties of MXenes and enable their hybridization with other 2D materials in various emerging technologies.

The world of two-dimensional carbides and nitrides (MXenes)

Heterocyclic pyrrole molecules are in situ aligned and polymerized in the -absence of an oxidant between layers of the 2D Ti3C2Tx (MXene), resulting in high volumetric and gravimetric capacitances with capacitance retention of 92% after 25,000 cycles at a 100 mV s(-1) scan rate.

Pseudocapacitive Electrodes Produced By Oxidant-Free Polymerization of Pyrrole Between the Layers of 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene)

Two-dimensional MXenes: From morphological to optical, electric, and magnetic properties and applications

High-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with ultraflexibility, outstanding mechanical properties, and superior EMI shielding performances are highly desirable for mo

Ultraflexible and Mechanically Strong Double-Layered Aramid Nanofiber-Ti3C2Tx MXene/Silver Nanowire Nanocomposite Papers for High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

2D transition metal carbides or nitrides, known as MXenes, are a new family of 2D materials with close to 30 members experimentally synthesized and dozens more theoretically investigated. Because o...

MXene/Polymer Membranes: Synthesis, Properties, and Emerging Applications

Broadband Nonlinear Photoresponse of 2D TiS2 for Ultrashort Pulse Generation and All-Optical Thresholding Devices

Few-Layer Tin Sulfide: A Promising Black-Phosphorus-Analogue 2D Material with Exceptionally Large Nonlinear Optical Response, High Stability, and Applications in All-Optical Switching and Wavelength Conversion

MXene-Based Nonlinear Optical Information Converter for All-Optical Modulator and Switcher

Atmospheric transmission distortion is one of the main challenges hampering the practical application of a vortex beam (VB) which carries orbital angular momentum (OAM). In this work, we propose and investigate a deep learning based atmospheric turbulence compensation method for correcting the distorted VB and improving the performance of OAM multiplexing communication. A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model, which can automatically learn the mapping relationship of the intensity distributions of input and the turbulent phase, is well designed. After trained with loads of studying samples, the CNN model possesses a good generalization ability in quickly and accurately predicting equivalent turbulent phase screen, including the untrained turbulent phase screens. The results show that through correction, the mode purity of the distorted VB improves from 39.52% to 98.34% under the turbulence intensity of Cn2 = 1 × 10−13. Constructing an OAM multiplexing communication link, the bit-error-rate (BER) of the transmitted signals in each OAM channel is reduced by almost two orders of magnitude under moderate-strong turbulence, and the demodulated constellation diagram also converges well after compensated by the CNN model.

Shixiang Xu

Papers

MXene/Polymer Membranes: Synthesis, Properties, and Emerging Applications

Broadband Nonlinear Photoresponse of 2D TiS2 for Ultrashort Pulse Generation and All-Optical Thresholding Devices

Few-Layer Tin Sulfide: A Promising Black-Phosphorus-Analogue 2D Material with Exceptionally Large Nonlinear Optical Response, High Stability, and Applications in All-Optical Switching and Wavelength Conversion

MXene-Based Nonlinear Optical Information Converter for All-Optical Modulator and Switcher

Deep learning based atmospheric turbulence compensation for orbital angular momentum beam distortion and communication.