A simple, accurate and reliable high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was developed and then successfully applied for simultaneous quantitative analysis of eight compounds, including chlorogenic acid (1), (R/S)-flavanomarein (2), butin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), isookanin (4), taxifolin (5), 5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), marein (7) and okanin (8), in 23 batches of snow chrysanthemum of different seed provenance and from various habitats. The results showed total contents of the eight compounds in the samples with seed provenance from Keliyang (Xinjiang, China), are higher than in samples from the other five provenances by 52.47%, 15.53%, 19.78%, 21.17% and 5.06%, respectively, which demonstrated that provenance has a great influence on the constituents in snow chrysanthemum. Meanwhile, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was also employed to rapidly separate and identify flavonoids and phenolic acids in snow chrysanthemum from Keliyang. As a result, a total of 30 constituents, including 26 flavonoids and four phenolic acids, were identified or tentatively identified based on the exact mass information, the fragmentation characteristics, and retention times of eight reference standards. This work may provide an efficient approach to comprehensively evaluate the quality of snow chrysanthemum.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/10/1307/pdf

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in Snow Chrysanthemum (Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.) by HPLC-DAD and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS.

BACKGROUND: The root powder of Periploca laevigata is used for preparing soft drinks and as an aromatic in Tunisia. The infusion or decoction of its root bark has widespread use in folk medicine. The plant is used to treat digestive disorders and hypertensive effects as well as other health problems.



RESULTS: The antioxidant activities of extracts of P. laevigata root bark obtained with solvents of different polarity were investigated using assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, ferric-reducing capacity, β-carotene-bleaching ability, hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition. The methanol extract, with the highest amount of total phenolics and flavonoids, showed the highest antioxidant activities in all assays, followed by the water extract. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to determine the composition of the water and methanol extracts. Thirty-four compounds were identified in the methanol extract, with proflavine (516.2 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)) and 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde (198.3 g kg−1 DM) being the most abundant. Sixteen compounds were identified in the water extract, of which 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethylene glycol (351.2 g kg−1 DM) was the main component.



CONCLUSION: As far as is known, this is the first report on the chemical composition and biological activities of phenolic extracts from P. laevigata. The results of the study indicate that the root bark of this plant might be a good candidate for further investigation in developing new antioxidants. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

Chemical composition and antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities of Periploca laevigata root bark extracts

Immunosuppressive pregnane glycosides from Periploca sepium and Periploca forrestii.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill

Bombyx batryticatus (B. batryticatus), a well-known traditional animal Chinese medicine, has been commonly used in China for thousands of years. The present paper reviewed advances in traditional uses, origin, chemical constituents, pharmacology and toxicity studies of B. batryticatus. The aim of the paper is to provide more comprehensive references for modern B. batryticatus study and application. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) culture, drugs containing B. batryticatus have been used to treat convulsions, headaches, skin prurigo, scrofula, tonsillitis and fever. Many studies indicate B. batryticatus contains various compounds, including protein and peptides, fatty acids, flavonoids, nucleosides, steroids, coumarin, polysaccharide and others. Numerous investigations also have shown that extracts and compounds from B. batryticatus exert a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects both in vivo and in vitro, including effects on the nervous system, anticoagulant effects, antitumor effects, antibacterial and antifungal effects, antioxidant effects, hypoglycemic effects, as well as other effects. However, further studies should be undertaken to investigate bioactive compounds (especially proteins and peptides), toxic constituents, using forms and the quality evaluation and control of B. batryticatus. Furthermore, it will be interesting to study the mechanism of biological activities and structure-function relationships of bioactive constituents in B. batryticatus.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/10/1779/pdf

Traditional Uses, Origins, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Bombyx batryticatus: A Review.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the root barks of Periploca sepium. Method Column chromatographic techniques were used to isolate the chemical constituents. NMR and MS methods were employed for their structural elucidation. Result Eight compounds were isolated and identified as isovanillin (1), vanillin (2), 4-methoxysalicylic acid (3), (24R)-9, 19-cycloart-25-ene-3beta, 24-diol (4), (24S)-9, 19-cycloart-25-ene-3beta, 24-diol (5), cycloeucalenol (6), beta-amyrin acetate (7) and alpha-amyrin (8). Conclusion Compounds 1-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents from root barks of Periploca sepium

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from the branch of Broussonetia papyrifera. Method Column chromatographic methods were used to isolate the chemical constituents. ESI-MS and NMR methods were employed for their structural elucidation. Result Six compounds were isolated and identified as (2S)-7, 3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavan (1), ergosterol peroxide (2), D-galacitol (3), sulfuretin (4), liriodendrin (5), graveolone (6), respectively. Conclusion Compounds 1-6 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents from branch of Broussonetia papyrifera

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Lygodium japonicum. METHOD Column chromatographic techniques were used for isolation and purification of chemical constituents of this plant and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis. RESULT Eight compounds were isolated and identified as tilianin (I), kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (II), kaempferol (III), p-coumaric acid (IV), hexadecanoic acid 2, 3-dihydroxy-propyl ester (V), daucosterol (VI), beta-sitosterol (VII, and 1-hentriacontanol (VIII) respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds I, II, V, VI, VII, VIII were isolated from L. japonicum for the first time, compounds I, II, V were isolated from genus Lygodium for the first time.

Studies on the chemical constituents in herb of Lygodium japonicum

Objective: To study the chemical constitue nt s of Bombyx batryticatus Method: The chemical constit uents were isolated from the title materials by column chromatography using sili ca gel, purified by crystallization, and identified by spectroscopic methods Result: Seven compounds were isolated and identified Conclusion: Six compounds were isolated from Bombyx batrytica tus for the first time

Shou-xun Zhao

Papers

Chemical constituents from root barks of Periploca sepium

Chemical constituents from branch of Broussonetia papyrifera

Studies on the chemical constituents in herb of Lygodium japonicum

Studies on the chemical constituents of Bombyx batryticatus