Yoga originated in India more than 5,000 years ago and is a means of balancing and harmonizing the body, mind, and emotions. Yoga practice is useful in the management of various lifestyle diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Psycho-neuro-endocrine and immune mechanisms are involved in the beneficial effects of yoga on diabetes. Incorporation of yoga practice in daily life helps to attain glycaemic control and reduces the risk of complications in people with diabetes. In this review, we briefly describe the role of various yoga practices in the management of diabetes based on evidence from various clinical studies.

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Therapeutic Role of Yoga in Type 2 Diabetes

Background: This study analyzed the role of global self-esteem and selected sociodemographic variables in predicting life satisfaction of nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia. Methods: The study subjects were full-time nursing students from three European countries. A diagnostic survey was used as a research method, while the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES) and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) were used to collect data. Results: The research was performed on a group of 1002 students. The mean age of those surveyed was 21.6 (±3.4). The results showed significant differences both in the level of the global self-esteem index (F = 40.74; p < 0.0001) and in the level of general satisfaction with life (F = 12.71; p < 0.0001). A comparison of the structure of results demonstrated that there were significantly fewer students with high self-esteem in Spain (11.06%) than in Poland (48.27%) and in Slovakia (42.05%), while more students with a high sense of life satisfaction were recorded in Spain (64.90%) than in Poland (37.87%) or in Slovakia (47.44%). A positive, statistically significant correlation was found between global self-esteem and satisfaction with life in the group of Slovak students (r = 0.37; p < 0.0001), Polish students (r = 0.31; p < 0.0001) and Spanish students (r = 0.26; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a regression analysis proved that three variables explaining a total of 12% output variation were the predictors of life satisfaction in Polish students. The regression factor was positive (seta = 0.31; R2 = 0.12), which indicates a positive correlation and the largest share was attributed to global self-esteem (9%). In the group of Spanish students, global self-esteem explained 7% (seta = 0.27; R2 = 0.07) of the output variation and 14% in the group of Slovak students (seta = 0.38; R2 = 0.14). Conclusions: The global self-esteem demonstrates the predictive power of life satisfaction of nursing students, most clearly marked in the group of Slovak students. The measurement of the variables under consideration may facilitate the planning and implementation of programs aimed at increasing self-esteem among young people and promoting the well-being of nursing students.

Role of Global Self-Esteem in Predicting Life Satisfaction of Nursing Students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia.

The main intent of this research is to test the effectiveness of expressive writing in processing and dealing with inhibited emotions of university students. The use of expressive writing targets the subjective well-being of the subjects, specifically their happiness and life satisfaction. Employing a between-subjects design, a thorough and rigorous psychological experiment was performed on 23 student volunteers where expressive writing was designated as the independent variable and happiness and life satisfaction as dependent variables respectively. Results of the non-parametric analysis showed that after the experimentation, both the happiness and life satisfaction of the subjects improved. Theoretical implications of the study are discussed in this paper.

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Effect of Expressive Writing on the Subjective Well-Being of University Students

Life satisfaction and its role in promoting well-being is an important aspect in positive psychology. Dimensions of the self have been found to be related to a satisfying life, so examining self-related domains may be particularly important for understanding life satisfaction outcomes. This study examined the relationship among quiet ego, authenticity, self-compassion, and life satisfaction. The Quiet Ego Scale, the Authenticity Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale- Short Form, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were administered to 203 adults. The sample had good diversity in terms of age, nationality, ethnicity, religion, and occupation. Findings showed that all three dimensions of self-concept, namely, quiet ego, authenticity, and self-compassion, were positively correlated with each other. Findings further showed that quiet ego, authenticity, and self-compassion were positively correlated with life satisfaction. Based on hierarchical regression analyses, quiet ego and authenticity were predictors of life satisfaction but lost their predictive variance in the presence of self-compassion. When sociodemographic factors were controlled, regression analyses showed that marital status had a significant, strong influence on life satisfaction ratings. Interventions that cultivate self-compassion could teach people to become kinder when responding to stressful situations, which improves functioning and promotes life satisfaction. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.

The relationship among quiet ego, authenticity, self-compassion and life satisfaction in adults

This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-esteem, self-efficacy, family and life satisfaction, loneliness and academic achievement during adolescence. A total of 180 male and 301 female adolescents aged 10 to 17 (M=12.45 years, SD=2.66), from two primary and two secondary schools from the city of Split, participated in the study. To achieve the research goal, we administered the general data questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (Vulic Prtoric & Soric, 2006), Family Satisfaction Scale (Vulic Prtoric, 2004), the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, 1996), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). The results indicated that female adolescents performed better in Croatian than male adolescents, who in turn assessed themselves as being more emotionally efficient than female adolescents. Regarding age, preadolescents were more satisfied, performed better academically, and exhibited higher levels of academic self-efficacy and self-esteem than older adolescents. The results of the regression analysis showed that higher academic self-efficacy and lower emotional self-efficacy were the strongest predictors of academic achievement. Research findings suggest that higher self-esteem and self-efficacy beliefs in all domains could have a protective role in well-being of adolescents and, finally, they point to the importance of developing high self-efficacy beliefs, especially academic ones, for academic achievement. Key words : academic achievement; adolescence; self-concept; satisfaction, loneliness --- Ovim istraživanjem nastojalo se ispitati odnos između samopostovanja, samoucinkovitosti, zadovoljstva s obitelji i životom, usamljenosti i akademskoga postignuca tijekom adolescencije. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 180 adolescenata i 301 adolescentica u dobi od 10 do 17 godina (M = 12,45 godina, SD = 2,66), iz dvije osnovne i dvije srednje skole iz Splita. Kako bismo ostvarili cilj istraživanja, koristili smo sljedece instrumente: Upitnik opcih podataka, Upitnik samoucinkovitosti djece i adolescenata (Vulic Prtoric i Soric, 2006), Skalu obiteljskoga zadovoljstva (Vulic Prtoric, 2004), kratki oblik Skale usamljenosti Sveucilista u Kaliforniji (UCLA) (Russell, 1996) i Opcu skalu samopostovanja (Rosenberg, 1965). Rezultati pokazuju da su adolescentice bolje u Hrvatskom jeziku od adolescenata, koji su procijenili da su emocionalno ucinkovitiji od ženskih adolescenata. S obzirom na dob, predadolescenti bili su zadovoljniji, imali bolju akademsku izvedbu i pokazivali vise razine akademske samoucinkovitosti nego stariji adolescenti. Rezultati regresijske analize naglasili su visu akademsku samoucinkovitost i nižu emocionalnu samoucinkovitost kao najsnažnije prediktore akademskoga postignuca. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da vise samopostovanje i visa uvjerenja u samoucinkovitost u svim domenama mogu ocuvati dobrobit adolescenata. Osim toga, rezultati ukazuju na važnost razvijanja snažnih uvjerenja u samoucinkovitost, posebno akademsku, za akademsko postignuce. Kljucne rijeci : adolescencija; akademsko postignuce; samopoimanje; usamljenost; zadovoljstvo

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The Relationship between Self- Esteem, Self-Efficacy, Family and Life Satisfaction, Loneliness and Academic Achievement during Adolescence

Self-esteem reflects an individual's perception and evaluation of himself or herself, whereas, life satisfaction involves the individual's evaluation of one's life as a whole including different areas of life such as school, family and friends as well as oneself (Civitci & Civitci, 2009). The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between self esteem and satisfaction with life in current college students. A total of 200 college students (100 Male & 100 Female) from Veer Bahadur Singh University Jaunpur (U.P.) participated. Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) and satisfactions with life scale (Diener et al., 1985) were administered. Self-esteem and satisfaction with life was found significantly correlated in male, female, urban and general category participants. The effect of self-esteem on satisfaction with life was found significant

Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction among University Students of Eastern Uttar Pradesh of India: A Demographical Perspective

Mental health as a being of well being in which individual realize his or her own abilities, can cope with normal stress of life, can work productively and fruitfully, able to make his or her community (World Health Organization, 2014). The present study is aimed to measure the interventional effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health in students.  Total 60 subjects of Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar who enrolled in under graduate courses were selected. A mental health scale (Kamlesh Sharma 1996) was administered as a single group pre and post study. Fifteen minutes Bhramari Pranayam exercise session for 20 days used as an intervention variable in the study. Results revealed that Bhramari Pranayama intervention was found significant effect on mental health and increased level of mental health was found in post study in comparison to pre study.  This concludes that Bhramari Pranayama provides a means to individual peace, happiness, develops optimism attitude, self esteem and proper coordination between mind and body.

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Interventional Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health among college Students

Stereotype threat refers to being at risk of confirming, as a self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's social group (Steele & Aronson, 1995). It is a psychological phenomena that has negatively impact the performance of variety of groups (O' Brien & Crandall, 2003). Present study was aimed to investigate the stereotype threat and academic achievement in various social group students. Two measures, stereotype scale and educational achievements from High school to P.G. Entrance exam were applied on 300 students (100 from General, 100 OBC & 100 SC/ST) of various social groups. Results suggest that group membership of various social group affect the stereotype threat and academic achievements. Level of stereotype threat was found significant affect on academic achievement and also, it was found negative correlation between stereotype threat and academic achievements.

Stereotype Threat and Academic Achievements in Students of Various Social Groups

Intelligence and intellect are the most desirable traits to be improved and various scientists and psychologists are always striving to enrich these. Various methods have been proposed and tested. In most modern researches by the Seven Effective Thinking Patterns (SETP) tool designed and developed by Dr. Arvinder Singh is tested for intelligence enhancement. Guilford Model of Intelligence was tested for intelligence on evaluation and divergent production. The sample comprises of 80 adults randomly selected from colleges, entrepreneur and corporate employees. . The selected parameters for evaluation were i) Number of Alternatives ii) Relevant Alternatives iii) Root Cause Analysis iv) Approach to Data Collection. Pre and Post training scores were evaluated on a scale of 1 to 10. The number of alternatives during pre-training situation was 4.25±1.036 while for Post-training situation it was 7.46±1.212 with increase of 75.5%. The score on relevant alternatives during pre-training situation was 2.56±1.133 while for Post-training situation it was 6.81±1.212. with percentage increase of 166%. The score on root cause analysis during pre-training situation was 4.55±1.013 while for Post-training situation it was 7.98±0.836 and percentage increase of 75.4%. The approach to data collection during pre-training situation was 4.64±0.988 while for Post-training situation it was 8.35±0.969 with increment of 79.9%. All above parameters reflected p value of less than 0.01 which is highly significant. It can be confidently concluded with above data and research that SETP tool is quite effective and in improving intelligence of participant on Guilford Model of Intelligence.

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Intelligence Improvement and Intellect Enrichment by Seven Effective Thinking Patterns (SETP) Tool

INTRODUCTIONPsychologist have long noted that repeated exposure to discrimination is psychologically harmful for the target and may contribute to well established health disparities between black and white individuals (Mays, Cochram & Branes, 2007). Perception of discrimination increasingly recognized as important psychological realities for ethnic group members (Dion & Kawakame, 1996). Croker & Mojor (1989) point out that negative experiences often unclear for the people belong to devalued group. Negative experiences with others could be result of one's lack of merit, inferior qualifications, poor performance or other short comings. It could be result of prejudice and discrimination on one's ethnic identity. Verkuyten (1998) drew on social identity theory to distinguish between group self esteem and personal self esteem, suggest the negative effect of perceived discrimination on ethnic self esteem. Individual with low self esteem reported higher level of perceived discrimination. Phinney, Modden & Santos (1998) reported that self esteem has been linked to ethnic discrimination.Pasco & Richman (2009) defined that discrimination is a behavioral manifestation of negative attitude, judgment or unfair towards the members of a group. People hold negative attitude towards members of various groups and cannot express these view directly. Law, social pressure, fear of revenge and all related serve to deter people putting their prejudice view into open practice. Therefore, obvious form of discrimination is revealed as negative action towards the object of racial ethnic or religious prejudice (Swimm & Stangor, 1998). Discrimination is a prejudicial treatment of an individual based on his/her membership in a certain group or category. It involves group initial reaction or interaction, influencing the individual's actual behavior towards groups, restricting members of one group from opportunities that are available to another group, leading to exclusion of the individual or entities based on logical or irrational decision making.Dovideo & Heble (2005) states that discrimination behavior manifests at least two level: individual discrimination and institutional discrimination. Individual discrimination defined as "to deny individuals or group of people equality of treatment which they wish" (Allport 1954/79). It expressed between individual on the basis of their salient group identities. A person discriminates against another or the ground of his/her membership. Allport suggests five gradations of negative out group behaviors: verbal discrimination, avoidance, discrimination, physical attack and extermination. Institutional discrimination described manifested form of unfair treatment of minority group in society's individual attitude (Antronovskey 1960, Lewin & Lewin, 1982). This kind of discrimination is rooted in rules, procedure and action of social institutions (Sidanious and Pratto, 1999).Researches on perceived discrimination have been investigated by the experience of discrimination from the target group. Target of discrimination is associated with reduced well being and long term of negative consequences for physical and mental health (Major, Quinton & Mc Coy, 2002). Wirth & Williams (2009) suggested that attributing negative social treatment to discrimination is distressing because discrimination is due to an internal characteristics of the target (discrimination is due to 'race'), which cannot be changed and might therefore lead to future instances of discrimination. Jost, Banaji & Nosek (2004) argued that disadvantage group may be likely to hold belief that legitimize the current social structure and that structure can hurt their group and their personally. The avoidance to support the idea that people tend to rationalize the status quo, this mean that, to the extent that they see the system as legitimate members of high status groups would be more likely to favor the ingroup, but members of low status groups would be more likely to favor the out group. …

Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari

Papers

Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction among University Students of Eastern Uttar Pradesh of India: A Demographical Perspective

Interventional Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health among college Students

Stereotype Threat and Academic Achievements in Students of Various Social Groups

Intelligence Improvement and Intellect Enrichment by Seven Effective Thinking Patterns (SETP) Tool

Development of Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire: A Measure for Different Social Categories Students